Chidule:Wolembayo akufufuza momwe ntchito ya singano coke imapangidwira komanso momwe imagwiritsidwira ntchito m'dziko lathu, momwe ingagwiritsidwire ntchito mu graphite electrode ndi negative electrode ikuyendera, kuti aphunzire mavuto omwe akukumana nawo pakupanga singano coke, kuphatikizapo kuti zinthu zopangira sizikupezeka, ubwino wake si wokwera, kuwunika kwa ntchito nthawi yayitali komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuwonjezera kafukufuku wogawa zinthu, kugwiritsa ntchito, miyeso ya magwiridwe antchito, monga maphunziro ogwirizana kuti apange msika wapamwamba.
Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana a zopangira, singano coke ingagawidwe m'magulu awiri: singano coke yamafuta ndi singano coke yamalasha. Singano coke yamafuta imapangidwa makamaka kuchokera ku slurry ya FCC kudzera mu kuyeretsa, hydrodesulfurization, kuchedwa coking ndi calcination. Njirayi ndi yovuta kwambiri ndipo ili ndi zinthu zambiri zaukadaulo. Singano coke ili ndi mawonekedwe a kaboni wambiri, sulfure yochepa, nayitrogeni yochepa, phulusa lochepa ndi zina zotero, ndipo ili ndi mphamvu zabwino zamagetsi ndi makina pambuyo pa graphitization. Ndi mtundu wa anisotropic high-end carbon material yokhala ndi graphitization yosavuta.
Needle coke imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa ma electrode amphamvu kwambiri a graphite, ndi zida za lithiamu ion batire cathode, monga zolinga za "carbon peak", "carbon neutral", mayiko akupitilizabe kulimbikitsa kusintha kwa mafakitale achitsulo ndi zitsulo ndi magalimoto komanso kukweza kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka mafakitale ndikulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo woteteza chilengedwe wosunga mphamvu wochepa wa carbon ndi wobiriwira, kuti alimbikitse kupanga zitsulo zamagetsi ndi chitukuko chachangu cha magalimoto atsopano amphamvu, Kufunika kwa singano coke yaiwisi kukukulanso mwachangu. M'tsogolomu, makampani otsika a singano coke apitilizabe kukhala opambana kwambiri. Mutuwu ukusanthula momwe ntchito ndi chiyembekezo cha singano coke mu electrode ya graphite ndi zinthu za anode zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, ndikuyika patsogolo zovuta ndi njira zotsutsana ndi chitukuko chabwino cha makampani a singano coke.
1. Kusanthula kwa kupanga ndi kayendedwe ka singano ya coke
1.1 Kupanga kwa singano ya coke
Kupanga kwa needle coke kumachitika makamaka m'maiko ochepa monga China, United States, United Kingdom, South Korea ndi Japan. Mu 2011, mphamvu yopangira padziko lonse ya needle coke inali pafupifupi 1200kt/a, pomwe mphamvu yopangira ya China inali 250kt/a, ndipo panali opanga anayi okha aku China a needle coke. Pofika mu 2021, malinga ndi ziwerengero za Sinfern Information, mphamvu yopangira padziko lonse ya needle coke idzakwera kufika pafupifupi 3250kt/a, ndipo mphamvu yopangira ya Needle coke ku China idzakwera kufika pafupifupi 2240kt/a, zomwe zimapangitsa 68.9% ya mphamvu yopangira padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo chiwerengero cha opanga ma needle coke aku China chidzakwera kufika pa 21.
Gome 1 likuwonetsa mphamvu yopangira ya opanga 10 apamwamba a needle coke padziko lonse lapansi, omwe ali ndi mphamvu yonse yopangira 2130kt/a, zomwe zimapangitsa 65.5% ya mphamvu yopangira padziko lonse lapansi. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a mphamvu yopangira padziko lonse lapansi ya makampani opanga needle coke, opanga ma needle coke opangidwa ndi mafuta nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kukula kwakukulu, mphamvu yopangira ya chomera chimodzi ndi 100 ~ 200kt/a, mphamvu yopangira ma needle coke opangidwa ndi malasha ndi pafupifupi 50kT/a yokha.
M'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi, mphamvu yopangira needle coke padziko lonse lapansi ipitilira kukwera, koma makamaka kuchokera ku China. Mphamvu yopangira needle coke yomwe ikukonzekera komanso yomwe ikumangidwa ku China ndi pafupifupi 430kT / a, ndipo vutoli likukulirakulira. Kunja kwa China, mphamvu yopangira needle coke ndi yokhazikika, ndipo fakitale ya OMSK yaku Russia ikukonzekera kumanga chipangizo cha 38kt / a needle coke mu 2021.
Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsa kupanga kwa needlecoke ku China m'zaka 5 zapitazi. Monga momwe tikuonera pa Chithunzi 1, kupanga kwa needlecoke ku China kwakula kwambiri, ndi kukula kwa pachaka kwa 45% m'zaka 5. Mu 2020, kupanga konse kwa needlecoke ku China kunafika pa 517kT, kuphatikiza 176kT ya malasha ndi 341kT ya mafuta.
1.2 Kuitanitsa kwa needle coke
Chithunzi 2 chikuwonetsa momwe dziko la China linkagulitsira zinthu zochokera kunja kwa dzikolo m'zaka 5 zapitazi. Monga momwe tikuonera pa Chithunzi 2, mliri wa COVID-19 usanachitike, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zochokera kunja kwa dzikolo ku China kunakwera kwambiri, kufika pa 270kT mu 2019, zomwe zinali zapamwamba kwambiri. Mu 2020, chifukwa cha mtengo wokwera wa zinthu zochokera kunja kwa dzikolo, kuchepa kwa mpikisano, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zinali m'masitolo, komanso chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa miliri ku Europe ndi United States, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zochokera kunja kwa dzikolo ku China mu 2020 kunali 132kt yokha, kutsika ndi 51% pachaka. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mu zinthu zochokera kunja kwa dzikolo mu 2020, mafuta a zinthu zochokera kunja anali 27.5kT, kutsika ndi 82.93% pachaka; Coke yoyezera malasha ndi 104.1kt, 18.26% kuposa chaka chatha, chifukwa chachikulu ndichakuti mayendedwe apanyanja a Japan ndi South Korea sakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mliriwu, chachiwiri, mtengo wa zinthu zina zochokera ku Japan ndi South Korea ndi wotsika kuposa wa zinthu zofanana ku China, ndipo kuchuluka kwa oda komwe kumatsatira ndi kwakukulu.
1.3 Njira yogwiritsira ntchito singano coke
Needle coke ndi mtundu wa zinthu zapamwamba za kaboni, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati zopangira popanga ma electrode amphamvu kwambiri a graphite ndi zinthu zopangira graphite anode. Malo ofunikira kwambiri opangira magetsi ndi kupanga zitsulo zamoto zamagetsi ndi mabatire amagetsi a magalimoto atsopano amphamvu.
Chithunzi 3 chikuwonetsa momwe ntchito ya needle coke ku China yayendera m'zaka 5 zapitazi. Graphite electrode ndiye gawo lalikulu kwambiri logwiritsira ntchito, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kwa zinthu kukukwera pang'onopang'ono, pomwe zinthu zoyipa za electrode zikupitilira kukula mwachangu. Mu 2020, kugwiritsa ntchito konse kwa needle coke ku China (kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zili m'sitolo) kunali 740kT, komwe 340kT ya zinthu zoyipa ndi 400kt ya graphite electrode zidagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa 45% ya kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoyipa.
2.1 Kupititsa patsogolo kupanga zitsulo za eAF
Makampani opanga zitsulo ndi zitsulo ndi omwe amapanga kwambiri mpweya woipa wa carbon ku China. Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zopangira zitsulo ndi zitsulo: ng'anjo yophulika ndi ng'anjo yamagetsi. Pakati pa izi, kupanga zitsulo za ng'anjo yamagetsi kungachepetse mpweya woipa wa carbon ndi 60%, ndipo kungathe kubwezeretsanso zitsulo zakale ndikuchepetsa kudalira kutengera kwa chitsulo chochokera kunja. Makampani opanga zitsulo ndi zitsulo adaganiza zotsogola pakukwaniritsa cholinga cha "carbon peak" ndi "kusalowerera ndale kwa carbon" pofika chaka cha 2025. Motsogozedwa ndi mfundo zadziko lonse zamakampani opanga zitsulo ndi zitsulo, padzakhala mafakitale ambiri achitsulo kuti asinthe chitsulo chosinthira ndi kuphulika ndi ng'anjo yamagetsi.
Mu 2020, mphamvu ya chitsulo chosakanizidwa ku China inali 1054.4mt, pomwe mphamvu ya chitsulo cha eAF inali pafupifupi 96Mt, zomwe zimayimira 9.1% yokha ya chitsulo chosakanizidwa, poyerekeza ndi 18% ya avareji ya padziko lonse lapansi, 67% ya United States, 39% ya European Union, ndi 22% ya chitsulo cha EAF ku Japan, pali mwayi waukulu wopita patsogolo. Malinga ndi chikalata cha "Guidance on Promoting High-Quality Development of Iron and Steel Industry" chomwe chinaperekedwa ndi Unduna wa Zachuma ndi Ukadaulo wa Chidziwitso pa Disembala 31, 2020, gawo la mphamvu ya eAF mu mphamvu yonse ya chitsulo chosakanizidwa liyenera kuwonjezeredwa kufika pa 15% ~ 20% pofika chaka cha 2025. Kuwonjezeka kwa kupanga chitsulo cha eAF kudzawonjezera kwambiri kufunikira kwa ma electrode amphamvu kwambiri a graphite. Kukula kwa ng'anjo yamagetsi yamagetsi yakunyumba ndi kwapamwamba komanso kwakukulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kwakukulu kwa ma specification akuluakulu komanso ma electrode amphamvu kwambiri a graphite.
2.2 Momwe graphite electrode imagwirira ntchito
Ma electrode a grafiti ndi ofunikira kwambiri popanga zitsulo za eAF. Chithunzi 4 chikuwonetsa mphamvu yopanga ndi kutulutsa kwa ma electrode a grafiti ku China m'zaka 5 zapitazi. Mphamvu yopanga ma electrode a grafiti yawonjezeka kuchoka pa 1050kT /a mu 2016 kufika pa 2200kt /a mu 2020, ndi kuchuluka kwa pachaka kwa 15.94%. Zaka zisanu izi ndi nthawi yakukula mwachangu kwa mphamvu yopanga ma electrode a grafiti, komanso kuzungulira kwachangu kwa chitukuko cha ma electrode a grafiti. Isanafike 2017, makampani opanga ma electrode a grafiti monga makampani opanga zinthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri komanso kuipitsa kwambiri, makampani akuluakulu apakhomo a graphite electrode amachepetsa kupanga, mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati a graphite electrode akukumana ndi kutsekedwa, ndipo ngakhale makampani akuluakulu apadziko lonse lapansi a electrode ayenera kuyimitsa kupanga, kugulitsanso ndikutuluka. Mu 2017, motsogozedwa ndi mfundo zoyendetsera dziko lonse zochotsa "chitsulo cha pansi", mtengo wa electrode ya grafiti ku China unakwera kwambiri. Polimbikitsidwa ndi phindu lochulukirapo, msika wa ma electrode a graphite unayambitsa kuyambiranso ndi kukulitsa mphamvu.
Mu 2019, kutulutsa kwa ma electrode a graphite ku China kunafika pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa, kufika pa 1189kT. Mu 2020, kutulutsa kwa ma electrode a graphite kunatsika kufika pa 1020kT chifukwa cha kufooka kwa kufunikira komwe kunayambitsidwa ndi mliriwu. Koma ponseponse, makampani opanga ma electrode a graphite ku China ali ndi mphamvu zambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa magwiritsidwe ntchito kunachepa kuchoka pa 70% mu 2017 kufika pa 46% mu 2020, kuchuluka kwatsopano kogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa.
2.3 Kusanthula kufunika kwa singano ya coke mumakampani opanga ma electrode a graphite
Kupanga kwa chitsulo cha eAF kudzapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kwa ma electrode a graphite amphamvu kwambiri. Akuti kufunikira kwa ma electrode a graphite kudzakhala pafupifupi 1300kt mu 2025, ndipo kufunikira kwa coke yaiwisi ya needle kudzakhala pafupifupi 450kT. Chifukwa popanga ma electrode akuluakulu komanso amphamvu kwambiri a graphite ndi ma joint, coke ya needle yochokera ku mafuta ndi yabwino kuposa coke ya needle yochokera ku malasha, kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kwa graphite electrode ya coke ya needle yochokera ku mafuta kudzawonjezeka, zomwe zidzatenga malo pamsika wa coke ya needle yochokera ku malasha.
Nthawi yotumizira: Mar-23-2022