Chidule:wolemba akusanthula kupanga singano coke ndi mmene kumwa mu dziko lathu, chiyembekezo cha ntchito yake mu graphite elekitirodi ndi zoipa electrode zipangizo makampani chiyembekezo, kuphunzira mafuta singano coke mavuto chitukuko, kuphatikizapo zopangira zinthu zikusoweka, khalidwe sizokwera, kuzungulira kwanthawi yayitali komanso kuwunika kwa kuchuluka kwa ntchito, onjezerani kafukufuku wamagulu azinthu, kugwiritsa ntchito, miyeso yamachitidwe, monga maphunziro a mayanjano kuti apange msika wapamwamba kwambiri.
Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana a zopangira, singano coke akhoza kugawidwa mu mafuta singano coke ndi malasha singano coke.Mafuta a singano coke amapangidwa makamaka kuchokera ku FCC slurry kudzera mukuyenga, hydrodesulfurization, kuchedwa kuphika ndi kuwerengetsa.Njirayi ndi yovuta kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi luso lapamwamba.Singano coke ali ndi makhalidwe a carbon high, otsika sulfure, otsika nayitrogeni, otsika phulusa ndi zina zotero, ndipo ali kwambiri electrochemical ndi makina katundu pambuyo graphitization.Ndi mtundu wa anisotropic apamwamba-mapeto carbon zinthu ndi graphitization zosavuta.
Singano coke zimagwiritsa ntchito kopitilira muyeso mkulu mphamvu graphite elekitirodi, ndi lithiamu ion batire cathode zipangizo, monga "mpweya mpweya", "mpweya ndale" zolinga njira, mayiko kupitiriza kulimbikitsa chitsulo ndi zitsulo ndi galimoto kusintha makampani ndi kukulitsa kapangidwe mafakitale. kusintha ndi kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zopulumutsa mpweya wochepa komanso ukadaulo wobiriwira woteteza chilengedwe, kulimbikitsa kupanga zitsulo zamagetsi arc arc ndikukula mwachangu magalimoto amagetsi atsopano, Kufunika kwa coke ya singano yaiwisi kukukulirakuliranso.M'tsogolomu, malonda akumunsi a singano a coke adzakhala akuyenda bwino kwambiri.Mutuwu ukuwunika momwe ntchito ikugwiritsidwira ntchito komanso chiyembekezo cha singano ya singano mu graphite elekitirodi ndi zinthu za anode, ndikuyika patsogolo zovuta ndi zoyeserera kuti pakhale chitukuko chabwino chamakampani a singano.
1. Kuwunika kwa kupanga ndi kuyendayenda kwa singano ya coke
1.1 Kupanga singano coke
Kupanga singano coke makamaka anaikira m'mayiko ochepa monga China, United States, United Kingdom, South Korea ndi Japan.Mu 2011, mphamvu yapadziko lonse lapansi yopanga singano ya singano inali pafupifupi 1200kt/a, pomwe mphamvu yaku China inali 250kt/a, ndipo panali opanga anayi okha a singano aku China.Pofika chaka cha 2021, malinga ndi ziwerengero za Sinfern Information, mphamvu yapadziko lonse lapansi yopanga singano ya singano idzawonjezeka kufika pafupifupi 3250kt/a, ndipo mphamvu yopangira singano ku China idzawonjezeka kufika pafupifupi 2240kt/a, zomwe zikuwerengera 68.9% yapadziko lonse lapansi. mphamvu yopanga, ndipo kuchuluka kwa opanga singano aku China kudzakwera mpaka 21.
Table 1 ikuwonetsa mphamvu zopanga za opanga 10 apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, omwe ali ndi mphamvu zopanga 2130kt/a, zomwe zimawerengera 65.5% yapadziko lonse lapansi.Potengera mphamvu yapadziko lonse lapansi yopanga mabizinesi a singano, opanga mafuta amtundu wa singano nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi sikelo yayikulu, pafupifupi mphamvu yopanga chomera chimodzi ndi 100 ~ 200kt/a, mphamvu yopangira singano yamakala ndi pafupifupi 50kT / a.
M'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi, mphamvu yopanga singano yapadziko lonse lapansi ipitilira kukula, koma makamaka kuchokera ku China.Kuthekera kopanga singano ku China ndi pafupifupi 430kT /a, ndipo kuchuluka kwachulukidwe kukukulirakulira.Kunja kwa China, mphamvu ya singano ya coke ndiyokhazikika, ndi makina oyeretsera a OMSK aku Russia akukonzekera kupanga 38kt/a singano coke unit mu 2021.
Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsa kupanga kwa singano coke ku China m'zaka zaposachedwa za 5.Monga tikuwonera pa Chithunzi 1, kupanga singano ku China kwakula kwambiri, ndikukula kwapachaka kwa 45% m'zaka 5.Mu 2020, kuchuluka kwa singano coke ku China kudafika 517kT, kuphatikiza 176kT yamitundu yamakala ndi 341kT yamafuta angapo.
1.2 Kulowetsa singano coke
Chithunzi 2 chikuwonetsa momwe kufunikira kwa singano ku China m'zaka zaposachedwa za 5.Monga tikuwonera pa Chithunzi 2, mliri wa COVID-19 usanachitike, kuchuluka kwa singano ku China kudakwera kwambiri, kufika 270kT mu 2019, mbiri yakale.Mu 2020, chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa singano yochokera kunja, kutsika kwa mpikisano, kuwerengera kwakukulu kwa doko, komanso kutsogozedwa ndi kufalikira kwa miliri ku Europe ndi United States, kuchuluka kwa singano ku China mu 2020 kunali 132kt, kutsika ndi 51% chaka ndi chaka.Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mu singano coke coke kunja mu 2020, mafuta singano coke anali 27.5kT, pansi 82.93% chaka ndi chaka;Coal muyeso singano coke 104.1kt, 18.26% kuposa chaka chatha, chifukwa chachikulu n'chakuti mayendedwe panyanja Japan ndi South Korea sakhudzidwa ndi mliri, kachiwiri, mtengo wa zinthu zina ku Japan ndi Korea South ndi wotsika kuposa za zinthu zofanana ku China, ndipo kutsika kwa mtsinje ndikokulirapo.
1.3 Njira yogwiritsira ntchito singano ya coke
Singano coke ndi mtundu wa zinthu mkulu-mapeto mpweya, amene makamaka ntchito ngati zopangira kupanga kopitilira muyeso-mkulu mphamvu graphite elekitirodi ndi yokumba graphite anode zipangizo.Magawo ofunikira kwambiri ogwiritsira ntchito ma terminal ndi kupanga zitsulo za arc ng'anjo yamagetsi ndi mabatire amagetsi amagetsi atsopano.
CHITH.3 ikuwonetsa kagwiritsidwe kake ka singano ku China m'zaka zaposachedwa za 5.Ma elekitirodi a graphite ndiye gawo lalikulu kwambiri logwiritsira ntchito, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimafunidwa kumalowa m'malo athyathyathya, pomwe zida za electrode zoyipa zikupitilira kukula mwachangu.Mu 2020, kuchuluka kwa singano coke ku China (kuphatikiza kumwa kwazinthu) kunali 740kT, pomwe 340kT ya zinthu zoyipa ndi 400kt ya ma electrode a graphite adadyedwa, zomwe zidapangitsa 45% yakugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoyipa.
2.1 Kupanga zitsulo za eAF
Makampani achitsulo ndi zitsulo ndiwo akupanga kwambiri mpweya wa carbon ku China.Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zopangira chitsulo ndi chitsulo: ng'anjo yophulika ndi ng'anjo yamagetsi yamagetsi.Pakati pawo, kupanga zitsulo zazitsulo za arc ng'anjo yamagetsi kumatha kuchepetsa mpweya wa kaboni ndi 60%, ndipo amatha kuzindikira kubwezeredwa kwa zinthu zachitsulo zomwe zatsalira ndikuchepetsa kudalira chitsulo.Makampani achitsulo ndi zitsulo akukonzekera kuti atsogolere kukwaniritsa cholinga cha "carbon peak" ndi "carbon neutrality" pofika chaka cha 2025. Motsogozedwa ndi ndondomeko ya dziko la zitsulo ndi zitsulo, padzakhala zomera zambiri zazitsulo zomwe zidzalowe m'malo. chosinthira ndi kuphulika ng'anjo yachitsulo yokhala ndi ng'anjo yamagetsi yamagetsi.
Mu 2020, China zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri linanena bungwe 1054.4mt, amene linanena bungwe EAF zitsulo pafupifupi 96Mt, mlandu 9.1% yokha ya okwana zitsulo zosakongola, poyerekeza ndi 18% ya avareji padziko lonse, 67% ya United States, 39. % ya European Union, ndi 22% ya Japan EAF zitsulo, pali mwayi waukulu kupita patsogolo.Malinga ndi kulembedwa kwa "Guidance on Promoting of High-quality Development of Iron and Steel Industry" yoperekedwa ndi Unduna wa Zamakampani ndi Information Technology pa Disembala 31, 2020, gawo la zitsulo za eAF zotulutsa zitsulo zonse za zitsulo zosapangana zikuyenera kuwonjezeka kufika pa 15. % ~ 20% pofika 2025. Kuwonjezeka kwa kupanga zitsulo za eAF kudzakulitsa kufunikira kwa maelekitirodi a graphite amphamvu kwambiri.Kapangidwe ka ng'anjo yamagetsi yamagetsi yapakhomo ndi yokwera komanso yayikulu, yomwe imapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunika kokulirapo komanso ma electrode amphamvu kwambiri a graphite.
2.2 Mkhalidwe wopanga ma graphite electrode
graphite elekitirodi ndi consumable kwa eAF steelmaking.Chithunzi 4 chikusonyeza mphamvu kupanga ndi linanena bungwe graphite elekitirodi ku China posachedwapa zaka 5.Mphamvu yopanga ma elekitirodi a graphite yawonjezeka kuchoka pa 1050kT/a mu 2016 kufika pa 2200kt/a mu 2020, ndi kukula kwapachaka kwa 15.94%.Zaka zisanu izi ndi nthawi ya kukula mofulumira mphamvu graphite elekitirodi kupanga, komanso kuthamanga mkombero wa chitukuko mofulumira makampani graphite elekitirodi.Pamaso 2017, makampani graphite elekitirodi monga makampani kupanga miyambo ndi mowa mkulu mphamvu ndi kuipitsidwa mkulu, lalikulu zoweta graphite elekitirodi mabizinesi kuchepetsa kupanga, ang'onoang'ono ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe graphite elekitirodi mabizinesi nkhope kutsekedwa, ndipo ngakhale mayiko zimphona elekitirodi ndi kusiya kupanga, kugulitsanso ndikutuluka.Mu 2017, motsogozedwa komanso motsogozedwa ndi mfundo zoyendetsera dziko zokakamiza kuchotsa "zitsulo zapansi panthaka", mtengo wa ma elekitirodi a graphite ku China unakwera kwambiri.Molimbikitsidwa ndi phindu lochulukirapo, msika wa ma electrode a graphite udadzetsa kuyambiranso kwa mphamvu ndikukula.
Mu 2019, kutulutsa kwa ma elekitirodi a graphite ku China kudakweranso m'zaka zaposachedwa, kufika pa 1189kT.Mu 2020, kutulutsa kwa ma elekitirodi a graphite kudatsika mpaka 1020kT chifukwa cha kuchepa kwamphamvu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mliri.Koma ponseponse, makampani opanga ma graphite electrode aku China akuchulukirachulukira, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kudatsika kuchoka pa 70% mu 2017 mpaka 46% mu 2020, kutsika kwatsopano kogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
2.3 Kufufuza kofunikira kwa singano coke mumakampani a graphite electrode
Kupanga chitsulo cha eAF kudzayendetsa kufunikira kwa ma elekitirodi amphamvu kwambiri a graphite.Akuti kufunika kwa electrode ya graphite kudzakhala pafupifupi 1300kt mu 2025, ndipo kufunika kwa coke ya singano yaiwisi kudzakhala pafupifupi 450kT.Chifukwa popanga kukula kwakukulu ndi ma electrode amphamvu kwambiri a graphite ndi olowa, coke ya singano yopangidwa ndi mafuta ndi yabwino kuposa singano yopangidwa ndi malasha, kuchuluka kwa ma graphite electrode pakufunika kwa singano yopangidwa ndi mafuta kudzachulukirachulukira, kutengera malo amsika a singano coke coke.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-23-2022