Chiyambi cha Graphitized petroleum coke: Kudumphadumpha kuchokera ku "Zinthu Zotayira" kupita ku "Zinthu Zanzeru"

Vuto Loyambirira: "Cinderella" ya Makampani Oyenga Mafuta

Chiyambi: Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, pamene ukadaulo wophwanya mafuta osakonzedwa unayamba kufalikira, mafakitale oyeretsera mafuta anatulutsa zinthu zambiri zovuta—petroleum coke. Inkaonedwa ngati "yotsalira yotsika kwambiri" yokhala ndi mtengo wotsika kwambiri wogwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ntchito Yoyamba: Malo ake oyambira anali ngati mafuta otsika mtengo (opangira magetsi ndi mafakitale a simenti) kapena ngati zipangizo zoyambira zopangira ma electrode a kaboni (monga ma anode omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito posungunula aluminiyamu). Panthawiyi, ubwino wake unali wosiyana kwambiri, ndipo unkaonedwa ngati chinthu "chopanda pake komanso chosalimba".

Choyambitsa Nkhondo: Kukwera kwa Kupanga Zitsulo za Magetsi a Arc Furnace

Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri: Panthawi ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, ukadaulo wopanga zitsulo zamagetsi (EAF) unakula mofulumira. Kufunika kwa zitsulo zapadera zapamwamba kunakwera kwambiri panthawi ya nkhondo. Gawo lalikulu la EAF ndi electrode, yomwe imafunika kupirira kutentha kwa magetsi mpaka 3000°C komanso kukhala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zabwino kwambiri.

Vuto la Zinthu: Ma electrode wamba a kaboni sanakwaniritse zofunikira. Ankakonda kusungunuka, ankagwiritsidwa ntchito mofulumira, komanso sankagwira ntchito bwino. Anthu anazindikira kuti kunali kofunikira kukonza kuyera ndi kapangidwe ka kristalo ka zipangizo zopangira ma electrode.

Chiyambi cha “Graphitization”: Pa nthawiyi, ukadaulo wa “graphitization”, womwe unachokera ku kupangidwa kwa graphite yopangidwa ndi Edward G. Acheson kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, unagwiritsidwa ntchito pa petroleum coke. Zinapezeka kuti petroleum coke inagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri kuposa 2500°C, ndipo inachita bwino kwambiri, mogwirizana ndi zosowa za ma electrode a EAF. Izi zinakhala chiyambi choyamba cha kusintha kwakukulu pa tsogolo la petroleum coke—kusintha kwake kuchoka pa mafuta kupita ku chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chogwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale.

Mwala Wapangodya wa Makampani: Kugwirizana ndi Makampani a Aluminiyamu

Ubale Wogwirizana: Pambuyo pa nkhondo, panthawi yokonzanso chuma cha padziko lonse, makampani opanga aluminiyamu adakula mofulumira. Selo ya electrolytic ya Hall-Héroult popanga aluminiyamu yachitsulo inkafunika ma anode ambiri ophikidwa kale, ndipo coke yapamwamba kwambiri (makamaka "coke yobiriwira") inali yoyenera kwambiri.

Kukula Komwe Kumayendetsedwa ndi Kufunikira: Kufunika kwakukulu kwa makampani opanga aluminiyamu kunakhazikitsa msika wa petroleum coke ndipo kunalimbikitsa kafukufuku wozama pa ubwino wa petroleum coke (monga kuchuluka kwa sulfure, zinthu zodetsedwa ndi zitsulo, ndi kuchuluka kwa kutentha), zomwe zinakhazikitsa maziko olimba a mafakitale a ntchito zotsatizana za graphitization.