Mu makampani opanga ma electrolysis a aluminiyamu, kodi petroleum coke yokhala ndi graphitized imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji popanga ma cathode blocks ndi ma anode pastes? Kodi ili ndi ubwino wotani poyerekeza ndi calcined petroleum coke?

Kugwiritsa Ntchito ndi Kusanthula Kwabwino kwa Graphitized Petroleum Coke mu Makampani Opanga Aluminium Electrolysis

I. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Graphitized Petroleum Coke mu Cathode Blocks ndi Anode Paste

1. Kupanga Ma Cathode Block
Graphitized petroleum coke ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga ma graphitized cathode carbon blocks. Pambuyo pa graphitization yotentha kwambiri pa 3000°C, kuyera kwake kwa kaboni kumapitirira 98%, ndipo kuchuluka kwenikweni kumawonjezeka kwambiri, ndikupanga kapangidwe ka kristalo ka graphite kokonzedwa bwino. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapereka ma cathode blocks ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Kukana kukokoloka kwa sodium: Kapangidwe kake ka graphit koyera kwambiri kamalimbana bwino ndi kulowa kwa sodium panthawi ya electrolysis ya aluminiyamu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti cathode igwire ntchito nthawi yayitali.
• Kuwongolera kwamagetsi kowonjezereka: Kuyika kwa graphitization kumachepetsa kwambiri kukana kwa magetsi, kumachepetsa kutsika kwa magetsi pansi pa selo ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zopangira aluminiyamu ndi pafupifupi 5%-10%.
• Kukhazikika kwa kutentha: Kutambasuka kochepa pa kutentha kwakukulu kumachepetsa zoopsa zosweka zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwa kutentha.

2. Kukonzekera kwa Anode Paste
Mu phala la anode, graphitized petroleum coke makamaka imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera cha kaboni komanso chida chowongolera, ndi zotsatira zotsatirazi:

• Kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi: Kapangidwe ka graphitized kamathandizira kugawa kwa magetsi mofanana, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa magetsi ochulukirapo.
• Kukana kwa okosijeni: Kuchepa kwa sulfure (nthawi zambiri <0.06%) kumachepetsa ming'alu yoyambitsidwa ndi mpweya panthawi ya CO₂, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito anode pa tani imodzi yachitsulo (monga, kuchepetsa 12% pa ntchito ya kampani inayake).
• Kapangidwe ka ma pore okonzedwa bwino: Kuyika graphitization kumachepetsa ma porosity a pitch coke, kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa anode ndi mphamvu ya makina.

II. Ubwino Waukulu wa Graphitized Petroleum Coke Poyerekeza ndi Calcined Petroleum Coke

Ubwino Wapadera:
1. Kukonza Magwiridwe Abwino a Ma Electrochemical

• Kukana kwa graphitized petroleum coke ndi kotsika ndi 30%–50% kuposa kwa calcined coke, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya ma cell a electrolysis. Mwachitsanzo, mu ma electrode a needle coke a 750 mm, conductivity imaposa ya standard coke ndi katatu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yopanga zitsulo ikhale yabwino kwambiri mpaka mphindi 25 pa uvuni uliwonse.
• Sulfure yochepa imachepetsa kuyanjana pakati pa ma anode ndi ma electrolyte okhala ndi fluoride, kuchepetsa kutupa komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha mpweya ndikuwonjezera moyo wa anode.

2. Kukonzanso Katundu wa Makina

• Kuyika graphitization kumawonjezera kuuma kwa zinthu ndi kukana kutentha. M'malo otentha kwambiri a aluminiyamu, kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa ma cathode blocks a graphitized kumakhala kotsika ndi 30% kuposa kwa calcined coke, zomwe zimachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa kapangidwe kake chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa kutentha.
• Kuchuluka kwenikweni (≥2.18 g/cm³) kumawonjezera kukhuthala kwa zinthu, kuchepetsa kulowa kwa aluminiyamu m'madzi ndi kukokoloka kwa sodium.

3. Ubwino wa Zachilengedwe ndi Zachuma

• Kuchepa kwa sulfure kumachepetsa mpweya wa SO₂, zomwe zimakwaniritsa malamulo okhudza chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, fakitale ya aluminiyamu yogwiritsa ntchito coke yokhala ndi sulfure yochepa yachepetsa mpweya wa SO₂ pa tani imodzi ya aluminiyamu ndi 15%.
• Ngakhale kuti ndalama zambiri (pafupifupi nthawi 1.5-2 kuposa za coke ya calcined), nthawi yayitali yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu komanso kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumawonjezera ndalama zomwe zayikidwa poyamba. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito cathode block yawonjezeka kuchoka pa zaka 5 mpaka 8, zomwe zachepetsa ndalama zonse ndi 20%.

III. Milandu Yogwiritsira Ntchito ndi Thandizo la Deta

• Makampani Opanga Ma Electrolysis a Aluminium: Padziko lonse lapansi, 70% ya calcined coke imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma anode a aluminium electrolysis, koma misika yapamwamba (monga ma cathode a graphitized) ikugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri graphitized coke. Kampani ina inachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito anode kuchoka pa 420 kg/t-Al kufika pa 370 kg/t-Al itatha kugwiritsa ntchito ma cathode a graphitized, zomwe zinapulumutsa RMB 200 miliyoni pachaka.
• Makampani Opanga Zitsulo: Ma electrode a singano a coke a 750 mm omwe amanyamula mafunde a 100,000 A adakwanitsa kupanga zitsulo bwino kwa mphindi 25 pa uvuni uliwonse, ndipo mphamvu yake yoyendetsera zinthu inali yokwera katatu kuposa coke wamba.
• Gawo Losungira Mphamvu: Coke yosinthidwa ndi calcium yosungunuka ndi asphalt inathandiza kuti anode yolimba ya carbon ikhale ndi moyo wautali ndi ma cycle 400, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti mabatire a sodium-ion agwire ntchito.

IV. Mapeto

Coke ya petroleum yokhala ndi grafiti, kudzera mu graphitization yokwera kwambiri, imasonyeza kuyera kwapamwamba, kuyendetsa magetsi, komanso kukhazikika kwa kutentha poyerekeza ndi coke ya petroleum yokhala ndi calcium, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kwambiri popanga ma block a aluminium electrolysis cathode blocks komanso kupanga phala la anode phala lapadera. Ngakhale kuti imakhala ndi ndalama zambiri, nthawi yake yayitali, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera, komanso ubwino wake pa chilengedwe zimaiika ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukweza makampani a aluminiyamu. Kupita patsogolo kwamtsogolo muukadaulo wa graphitization (monga, chithandizo cha kutentha kwambiri pa 3000°C) kudzakulitsa kwambiri ntchito zake mu graphite ya nyukiliya, ma anode a batri a lithiamu-ion, ndi madera ena apamwamba.