A. gulu la mafuta a coke
Mafuta a coke ndi mafuta osaphikidwa omwe amasungunuka m'madzi, mafuta olemera amalekanitsidwa pang'ono, kenako amasinthidwa kukhala zinthu, kuchokera ku mawonekedwe ake, mawonekedwe ake ndi osakhazikika, kukula kwa block yakuda (kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono), kunyezimira kwachitsulo, tinthu ta coke tokhala ndi mawonekedwe oboola, kapangidwe kake ka kaboni ndi 80wt%. (wt=kulemera)
Malinga ndi njira yopangirazingagawidwe m'magulucoke yaiwisindicoke yophikidwaChoyamba chimapezeka ndi nsanja ya coke ya chipangizo chochedwa coking, chomwe chimadziwikanso kutikoka yoyambiriraChomalizachi chimapangidwa ndi calcination (1300°C), yomwe imadziwikanso kuticoke yokhala ndi calcium.
Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa sulfure, ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulucoke ya sulfure yambiri(kuchuluka kwa sulfure ndi koposa4%), koka ya sulfure yapakatikati(kuchuluka kwa sulfure ndi2% -4%ndicoke ya sulfure yochepa(kuchuluka kwa sulfure ndi kochepa kuposa2%).
Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka microstructure kosiyanasiyana, ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulusiponji cokendisingano ya cokeYoyambayo inali ndi mabowo ngati siponji, yomwe imadziwikanso kuticoke wambaChomalizachi chimakhala chokhuthala ngati ulusi, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuticoke yapamwamba kwambiri.
Malinga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyanazingagawidwe m'magulusingano ya coke, koka yopangidwa ndi projectile or coke yozungulira, siponji coke, koka wa ufamitundu inayi.
B. mafuta opangidwa ndi coke
Mafuta ambiri a coke opangidwa ku China ndi a coke ya sulfure yochepa, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambirikusungunula aluminiyamundikupanga graphite.China chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazinthu zopangidwa ndi kaboni, mongamaelekitirodi a graphite, anode arc, yogwiritsidwa ntchito pachitsulo, zitsulo zopanda chitsulo; Zinthu zopangidwa ndi silicon zopangidwa ndi kabonimonga zosiyanasiyanamawilo opukutiramchenga,pepala lamchenga, ndi zina zotero; Kalisiyamu wamalonda wopangira ulusi wopangidwa, acetylene ndi zinthu zina; Ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati mafuta, koma ikapanga mafuta, imafunika kugwiritsa ntchito mphero yokonzedwa bwino kuti igwire ntchito yopera bwino kwambiri. Pambuyo popanga ufa wa coke kudzera mu zipangizo, imatha kutenthedwa. Ufa wa coke umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati mafuta m'mafakitale ena agalasi ndi m'mafakitale osungunula madzi a malasha.
Malinga ndi National Bureau of Statistics, mafuta a coke ochokera ku China mu 2020 anali matani 29.202 miliyoni, zomwe zinakwera ndi 4.15% pachaka, ndipo kuyambira Januwale mpaka Epulo 2021, mafuta a coke ochokera ku China anali matani 9.85 miliyoni.
Kupanga petroleum coke ku China makamaka kumachitika kum'mawa kwa China, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China ndi South China, komwe kumapanga kwambiri kum'mawa kwa China. M'chigawo chonse cha kum'mawa kwa China, chigawo cha Shandong chili ndi petroleum coke yochuluka kwambiri, yomwe idafika matani 10.687 miliyoni mu 2020. Kutulutsa petroleum coke ku chigawo cha Shandong sikuti kumangoyamba kum'mawa kwa China kokha, komanso kumakhala koyamba m'maboma ndi mizinda yonse ku China, ndipo kutulutsa petroleum coke ndi kwapamwamba kwambiri kuposa madera ndi mizinda ina.
C. Kutumiza ndi kutumiza kunja kwa coke ya mafuta
China ndi imodzi mwa makampani akuluakulu otumiza mafuta a coke ochokera kumayiko ena, omwe makamaka amachokera ku United States, Saudi Arabia ndi Russia. Malinga ndi deta ya China Customs, kuchuluka kwa mafuta a coke ochokera ku China kuyambira 2015 mpaka 2020 kwawonetsa kukwera kwakukulu. Mu 2019, kuchuluka kwa mafuta a coke ochokera ku China kunali matani 8.267 miliyoni, ndipo mu 2020, kunali matani 10.277 miliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa 24.31% poyerekeza ndi 2019.
Mu 2020, kuchuluka kwa mafuta a coke ochokera ku China kunali madola 1.002 biliyoni, kutsika ndi 36.66% pachaka. Mu 2020, kuchuluka kwa mafuta a coke ochokera ku China kunafika pachimake, koma mtengo wa mafuta a coke ochokera ku China unatsika. Pamene chuma cha padziko lonse chakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mliri wa COVID-19, mtengo wa mafuta a coke pamsika wapadziko lonse nawonso watsika, zomwe zalimbikitsa kuitanitsa mafuta a coke ochokera ku China ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mafuta a coke ochokera ku China, koma zachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta ochokera ku China.
Malinga ndi deta ya China Customs, kutumiza mafuta a coke ku China kunawonetsa kuchepa, makamaka mu 2020 chifukwa cha zotsatira za COVID-19, kutumiza mafuta a coke ku China kunatsika kwambiri, pofika mu 2020, kutumiza mafuta a coke ku China kunatsika kufika pa 1.784 miliyoni DOLLARS, kutsika kwa 22.13% pachaka; Mtengo wa kutumiza kunja unali $459 miliyoni, kutsika ndi 38.8% pachaka.
D. Kukula kwa makampani opanga mafuta a coke
M'kupita kwa nthawi, msika wa petroleum coke ukadali wodzaza ndi kusatsimikizika kwakukulu, ndipo njira yopezera ndi kufunikira kwa petroleum coke ikukumana ndi mavuto ambiri. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a kapangidwe ka mphamvu, kwakanthawi kochepa, chifukwa cha kutumizidwa pang'onopang'ono kwa mphamvu yotsalira ya hydrogenation yamafuta, kutumizidwa kwa zida zophikira mochedwa ndiko komwe kukutsogolerabe. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mbali yoperekera mafuta a petroleum coke idzachepetsedwanso ndi chitetezo cha chilengedwe, mfundo ndi zinthu zina, ndipo padzakhalabe ukadaulo watsopano ndi zinthu zina zotetezera chilengedwe. Ndondomeko yoteteza chilengedwe ikukhala yachibadwa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kupanga sikungatheke kuti pakhale mpweya wochepa kwambiri. Ndi kusintha kwa zida zoteteza chilengedwe zamakampani, mphamvu ya mfundo zoteteza chilengedwe pamsika idzachepa, ndipo mphamvu ya mgwirizano wa kupereka ndi kufunikira pamsika ndi mtengo wogulira zinthu zopangira zidzawonjezeka.
Mbali yofunikira, makampani opanga mafuta a coke omwe ali pansi pa mtsinje apitiliza kuyambitsa mavuto osiyanasiyana azachuma, mfundo zandale, mabizinesi a aluminiyamu amagetsi omwe akugwiritsa ntchito alumina, mtengo wamagetsi, mtengo wake ndi wokwera kuti apeze phindu, kotero makampani a aluminiyamu amtsogolo omwe ali ndi unyolo wathunthu wamakampani ali ndi phindu lalikulu, chifukwa kapangidwe ka msika wa aluminiyamu kasintha pang'onopang'ono, pang'onopang'ono mphamvu zake zidzasamutsa pang'onopang'ono, zidzakhudza kapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha msika wa anode wophikidwa kale komanso msika wa kaboni mtsogolo.
Pakapita nthawi komanso nthawi yayitali, chilengedwe cha zachuma, mfundo zamakampani adziko, kapangidwe ka zinthu zomwe zaperekedwa, kusintha kwa zinthu zomwe zili m'sitolo, mitengo ya zinthu zopangira, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu motsatira malamulo, zadzidzidzi, ndi zina zotero, zitha kukhala zinthu zomwe zikutsogolera pamsika wa mafuta a coke pazigawo zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, mabizinesi ayenera kusanthula momwe zinthu zilili pamakampani a mafuta a coke, kuphunzira zambiri za mfundo zoyenera kunyumba ndi kunja, kulosera zamtsogolo za chitukuko cha msika wa mafuta a coke, kupewa zoopsa panthawi yake, kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi, kusintha kwanthawi yake komanso kupanga zinthu zatsopano, ndi yankho la nthawi yayitali.
For more information of Calcined /Graphitized Petroleuim Coke please contact : judy@qfcarbon.com Mob/wahstapp: 86-13722682542
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-10-2022