Ma electrode a graphite amphamvu kwambiri, mwa kusintha ma electrode amkuwa ndi ma electrode a graphite opangira nkhungu, amafupikitsa kwambiri nthawi yopanga nkhungu, amawonjezera ntchito, ndikuchepetsa mtengo wopanga nkhungu. M'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa cha kuyambitsidwa kwa nkhungu zolondola komanso nkhungu zogwira ntchito bwino (ndi nthawi yochepa ya nkhungu), zofunikira za anthu popanga nkhungu zakhala zikuchulukirachulukira. Chifukwa cha zofooka zosiyanasiyana za ma electrode amkuwa okha, yalephera kwambiri kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakukula kwa makampani opanga nkhungu. Graphite, monga chida cha electrode cha EDM, yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani opanga nkhungu chifukwa cha zabwino zake monga makina ambiri, kulemera kopepuka, kupanga mwachangu, kuchuluka kochepa kwambiri kokulirapo, kutayika kochepa komanso kusavala mosavuta. N'zosapeweka kuti idzalowa m'malo mwa ma electrode amkuwa.
1. Makhalidwe a Zida za Graphite Electrode
Makina opangira ma CNC ali ndi liwiro lofulumira lokonza, makina apamwamba komanso kusakaniza kosavuta. Liwiro lokonza makina a graphite ndi katatu mpaka kasanu kuposa ma electrode amkuwa, ndipo liwiro lokonza molondola ndi lapadera kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu zake ndi zapamwamba kwambiri. Pa ma electrode okwera kwambiri (50 mpaka 90mm) ndi owonda kwambiri (0.2 mpaka 0.5mm), sasinthasintha nthawi yokonza. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri, zinthu ziyenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri. Izi zimafuna kuti popanga ma electrode, apange ma electrode amphongo ofunikira momwe angathere. Komabe, pali malo osiyanasiyana obisika pakona popanga ma electrode amphongo ofunikira. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kosavuta kodula kwa graphite, vutoli limatha kuthetsedwa mosavuta ndipo kuchuluka kwa ma electrode kumatha kuchepetsedwa kwambiri, zomwe ma electrode amkuwa sangathe kuchita.
2. Kupangidwa kwa EDM mwachangu, kufalikira pang'ono kwa kutentha komanso kutayika kochepa: Chifukwa cha mphamvu yamagetsi ya graphite kuposa ya mkuwa, kuchuluka kwake kotulutsa kumakhala kothamanga kuposa kwa mkuwa, komwe kumakhala kowirikiza katatu mpaka kasanu kuposa kwa mkuwa. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kupirira mphamvu yayikulu panthawi yotulutsa, zomwe zimakhala zabwino kwambiri pamakina otulutsa magetsi okhwima. Pakadali pano, pansi pa voliyumu yomweyo, kulemera kwa graphite ndi 1/5 kuposa kwa mkuwa, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri katundu wa EDM. Ili ndi ubwino waukulu popanga ma electrode akuluakulu ndi ma electrode amphongo ofunikira. Kutentha kwa sublimation kwa graphite ndi 4200℃, komwe ndi kowirikiza katatu mpaka kanayi kuposa kwa mkuwa (kutentha kwa sublimation kwa mkuwa ndi 1100℃). Pa kutentha kwakukulu, kusintha
Ma electrode amphamvu kwambiri a graphite
Ndi yaying'ono kwambiri (1/3 mpaka 1/5 ya mkuwa pansi pa mikhalidwe yomweyo yamagetsi) ndipo siifewa. Mphamvu yotulutsa imatha kusamutsidwira ku ntchito moyenera komanso popanda kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Chifukwa mphamvu ya graphite imawonjezeka kutentha kwambiri, imatha kuchepetsa bwino kutayika kwa kutulutsidwa (kutayika kwa graphite ndi 1/4 ya mkuwa), kuonetsetsa kuti kukonza kwake kuli bwino.
3. Kulemera kopepuka komanso mtengo wotsika: Pa mtengo wopangira zinthu zopangidwa ndi nkhungu, nthawi yopangira zinthu zopangidwa ndi CNC, nthawi ya EDM, ndi electrode closure ya ma electrode ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zambiri zigwiritsidwe ntchito, ndipo zonsezi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi electrode yokha. Poyerekeza ndi mkuwa, liwiro la makina ndi liwiro la EDM la graphite zonse ndi nthawi zitatu kapena zisanu kuposa mkuwa. Pakadali pano, kuvulala kochepa komanso kupanga graphite electrode yofunikira kumatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma electrode, motero kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu ndi nthawi yopangira zinthu zopangidwa ndi ma electrode. Zonsezi zitha kuchepetsa kwambiri mtengo wopangira zinthu zopangidwa ndi nkhungu.
2. Zofunikira ndi Makhalidwe a Kukonza Ma Electrode a Graphite ndi Makina ndi Magetsi
1. Kupanga ma electrode: Kupanga ma electrode a graphite akatswiri makamaka amagwiritsa ntchito zida zamakina zothamanga kwambiri pokonza. Zida zamakina ziyenera kukhala zokhazikika bwino, zokhala ndi mayendedwe ofanana komanso okhazikika a three-axis popanda kugwedezeka. Kuphatikiza apo, kulondola kozungulira kwa zigawo monga shaft yayikulu kuyeneranso kukhala kwabwino momwe kungathekere. Ma electrode amathanso kukonzedwa pazida wamba zamakina, koma njira yolembera njira ya zida ndi yosiyana ndi ya ma electrode amkuwa.
2. Kukonza magetsi otulutsa mpweya wa EDM Ma electrode a graphite ndi ma electrode a kaboni. Chifukwa graphite ili ndi mphamvu yabwino yoyendetsera magetsi, imatha kusunga nthawi yambiri pakupanga magetsi otulutsa mpweya, zomwe ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe graphite imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati electrode.
3. Makhalidwe Ogwiritsira Ntchito Ma Electrode a Graphite: Graphite ya mafakitale ndi yolimba komanso yofooka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zida zisawonongeke kwambiri panthawi yopangira CNC. Nthawi zambiri, timalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zokutidwa ndi aloyi wolimba kapena diamondi. Mukapanga graphite yolimba, chidacho chimatha kuyikidwa mwachindunji pachogwirira ntchito ndi pachokha. Komabe, pomaliza ntchito yopangira, kuti tipewe kusweka ndi kusweka, chida chopepuka komanso njira yofulumira nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kawirikawiri, graphite siimasweka kawirikawiri pamene kuya kwa kudula kuli kochepera 0.2mm, ndipo pamwamba pa khoma la m'mbali pangapezekenso khalidwe labwino. Fumbi lopangidwa panthawi yokonza ma electrode a graphite ndi lalikulu kwambiri ndipo likhoza kulowa muzitsulo zoyendetsera, zomangira za lead ndi ma spindles a chida cha makina, ndi zina zotero. Izi zimafuna kuti chida chogwiritsira ntchito graphite chikhale ndi zipangizo zoyenera zogwirira ntchito ndi fumbi la graphite, ndipo magwiridwe antchito a chida cha makina ayeneranso kukhala abwino chifukwa graphite ndi poizoni. Ufa wa graphite ndi chinthu chomwe chimakhala chokhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zochita za mankhwala. Kukana kwake kumasintha m'malo osiyanasiyana, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kukana kwake kumasiyana. Komabe, pali chinthu chimodzi chomwe chimakhalabe chokhazikika: ufa wa graphite ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zabwino kwambiri zoyendetsera zinthu zopanda chitsulo. Bola ufa wa graphite ukasungidwa mu chinthu choteteza popanda kusokoneza, monga ulusi woonda, udzakhalabe ndi magetsi. Koma kodi kukana kwake ndi kotani? Palibe chiwerengero chotsimikizika cha mtengo uwu, chifukwa kusalala kwa ufa wa graphite kumasiyana, ndipo kukana kwa ufa wa graphite womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zinthu ndi malo osiyanasiyana kudzakhala kosiyana.
Simungadziwe kuti ufa wa graphite woyera kwambiri umagwiritsidwanso ntchito poyendetsa zinthu:
Kawirikawiri, mphira ndi yoteteza kutentha. Ngati pakufunika mphamvu yamagetsi, zinthu zoyendetsera magetsi ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa. Ufa wa grafiti uli ndi mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yoyendetsera magetsi komanso yochotsera mafuta. Grafiti imakonzedwa kukhala ufa wa grafiti, womwe uli ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zoyendetsera mafuta komanso zoyendetsera magetsi. Ufa wa graphite ukayera kwambiri, mphamvu yake yoyendetsera magetsi imawonjezeka. Mafakitale ambiri apadera a rabara amafunika mphira woyendetsa magetsi. Ndiye, kodi ufa wa graphite ungawonjezedwe ku mphira kuti upereke magetsi? Yankho ndi inde, koma palinso funso: Kodi ufa wa graphite mu mphira ndi wotani? Makampani ena amagwiritsa ntchito gawo losapitirira 30%, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu za rabara zosatha monga matayala agalimoto, ndi zina zotero. Palinso mafakitale apadera a rabara omwe amagwiritsa ntchito gawo la 100%. Zinthu zotere zokha ndi zomwe zimatha kuyendetsa magetsi. Mfundo yayikulu ya mphamvu yamagetsi ndi yakuti kondakitala sangasokonezedwe, monga waya. Ngati yasokonezedwa pakati, sidzapatsidwa magetsi. Ufa wa graphite woyendetsa magetsi mu mphira woyendetsa magetsi ndi kondakitala Ngati ufa wa graphite watsekedwa ndi mphira woyendetsa magetsi, sudzaperekanso magetsi. Chifukwa chake, ngati gawo la ufa wa graphite ndi lochepa kwambiri, mphamvu yoyendetsera mpweya ingakhale yotsika.
Ufa wa graphite ndi chinthu chomwe chimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zochita za mankhwala. Kukana kwake kumasintha m'malo osiyanasiyana, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kukana kwake kumasiyana. Komabe, pali chinthu chimodzi chomwe chimakhalabe chokhazikika: ufa wa graphite woyera kwambiri ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zabwino kwambiri zoyendetsera mpweya zomwe sizili zachitsulo. Bola ufa wa graphite ukasungidwa mu chinthu choteteza popanda kusokonezedwa, monga ulusi woonda, udzakhalabe ndi magetsi. Koma kodi kukana kwake ndi kotani? Palibe chiwerengero chotsimikizika cha mtengo uwu, chifukwa kusalala kwa ufa wa graphite kumasiyana, ndipo kukana kwa ufa wa graphite womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zinthu ndi malo osiyanasiyana kudzakhala kosiyana.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-09-2025