Ndi chitukuko chachangu cha magalimoto atsopano amphamvu padziko lonse lapansi, kufunikira kwa msika wa zinthu za lithiamu batire anode kwawonjezeka kwambiri. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mu 2021, makampani asanu ndi atatu apamwamba kwambiri a lithiamu batire anode mumakampaniwa akukonzekera kukulitsa mphamvu zawo zopangira mpaka pafupifupi matani miliyoni imodzi. Kujambula zithunzi kumakhudza kwambiri index ndi mtengo wa zinthu za anode. Zipangizo za graphitization ku China zili ndi mitundu yambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, kuipitsa kwambiri komanso kudzipangira zinthu zokha, zomwe zimalepheretsa kupanga zinthu za graphite anode pamlingo winawake. Ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe liyenera kuthetsedwa mwachangu popanga zinthu za anode.
1. Mkhalidwe wamakono ndi kufananiza kwa ng'anjo yoyipa ya graphitization
1.1 Atchison ng'anjo yoipa ya graphitization
Mu mtundu wa ng'anjo yosinthidwa kutengera ng'anjo yachikhalidwe ya Aitcheson ng'anjo ya graphitization, ng'anjo yoyambirira imakhala ndi graphite crucible ngati chonyamulira cha zinthu zoyipa za electrode (chonyamuliracho chimadzazidwa ndi zinthu zoyipa za electrode), pakati pa ng'anjoyo pamadzazidwa ndi zinthu zotsutsana ndi kutentha, gawo lakunja limadzazidwa ndi zinthu zoteteza kutentha ndi zoteteza khoma la ng'anjo. Pambuyo pa magetsi, kutentha kwakukulu kwa 2800 ~ 3000℃ kumapangidwa makamaka ndi kutentha kwa zinthu zotsutsa, ndipo zinthu zoyipa zomwe zili mu crucible zimatenthedwa mwanjira ina kuti zikwaniritse kutentha kwakukulu kwa zinthu zoyipa.
1.2. Ng'anjo yamkati ya graphitization ya mndandanda wa kutentha
Chitsanzo cha ng'anjo chikutanthauza ng'anjo ya graphitization yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma electrode a graphite, ndipo ma electrode crucible angapo (odzaza ndi zinthu za electrode negative) amalumikizidwa motsatizana motsatizana. Electrode crucible ndi chonyamulira komanso chotenthetsera, ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi imadutsa mu electrode crucible kuti ipange kutentha kwakukulu ndikutenthetsa mwachindunji zinthu zamkati za electrode negative. Njira ya GRAPHitization sigwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotsutsana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yonyamula ndi kuphika ikhale yosavuta, komanso kuchepetsa kutayika kwa zinthu zotsutsana, kusunga mphamvu.
1.3 Grid box mtundu graphitization uvuni
Ntchito nambala 1 ikuwonjezeka m'zaka zaposachedwa, chachikulu ndi kuphunzira Series acheson graphitization ng'anjo ndi concatenated technology features of graphitizing ng'anjo, ng'anjo pakati pogwiritsa ntchito zidutswa zingapo za anode plate grid store store structure, zinthu zimalowa mu cathode mu zopangira, kudzera mu kulumikizana konse komwe kumayikidwa pakati pa anode plate column, chidebe chilichonse chimagwiritsa ntchito anode plate seal yokhala ndi zinthu zomwezo. Mzati ndi anode plate ya kapangidwe ka zinthu pamodzi zimapanga thupi lotenthetsera. Magetsi amadutsa mu elekitirodi ya ng'anjo kupita ku thupi lotenthetsera la ng'anjo, ndipo kutentha kwakukulu komwe kumapangidwa kumatenthetsa mwachindunji zinthu za anode mu bokosi kuti zikwaniritse cholinga cha graphitization.
1.4 Kuyerekeza mitundu itatu ya ng'anjo ya graphitization
Uvuni wa graphitization wamkati umatenthetsa mwachindunji zinthuzo potenthetsa electrode yopanda kanthu ya graphite. "Joule heat" yopangidwa ndi magetsi kudzera mu electrode crucible imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kutentha zinthuzo ndi crucible. Liwiro lotenthetsera ndi lachangu, kugawa kutentha ndi kofanana, ndipo mphamvu ya kutentha ndi yayikulu kuposa ng'anjo yachikhalidwe ya Atchison yokhala ndi kutentha kwa zinthu zotsutsana. Uvuni wa graphitization wa grid-box umagwiritsa ntchito zabwino za ng'anjo ya graphitization yamkati, ndipo umagwiritsa ntchito mbale ya anode yophikidwa kale yokhala ndi mtengo wotsika ngati thupi lotenthetsera. Poyerekeza ndi ng'anjo ya graphitization ya serial, mphamvu yokweza ya ng'anjo ya graphitization ya grid-box ndi yayikulu, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pa chinthu chilichonse kumachepetsedwa moyenerera.
2. Chitsogozo cha chitukuko cha ng'anjo yoyipa ya graphitization
2. 1 Konzani bwino kapangidwe ka khoma lozungulira
Pakadali pano, kutentha kwa ng'anjo zingapo za graphitization kumadzazidwa makamaka ndi kaboni wakuda ndi mafuta a coke. Gawo ili la zinthu zotetezera kutentha limayaka nthawi yopangira kutentha kwakukulu, nthawi iliyonse ikadzaza ndi kufunika kosintha kapena kuwonjezera zinthu zapadera zotetezera kutentha, m'malo mwa njira yoipa, komanso mphamvu yayikulu yogwirira ntchito.
Kodi kuganizira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zapadera zapamwamba komanso kutentha kwambiri kwa simenti yopangira makoma, kuwonjezera mphamvu yonse, kuonetsetsa kuti khoma lonse limakhala lokhazikika pakusintha kwa ntchito, kutseka msoko wa njerwa nthawi yomweyo, kupewa mpweya wochuluka Kudzera m'ming'alu ya khoma la njerwa ndi malo olumikizirana mu uvuni, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa okosijeni kwa zinthu zotetezera kutentha ndi zinthu za anode;
Chachiwiri ndi kukhazikitsa gawo lonse la insulation loyendetsedwa ndi anthu lomwe lili kunja kwa khoma la ng'anjo, monga kugwiritsa ntchito bolodi la fiberboard lamphamvu kwambiri kapena bolodi la calcium silicate, gawo lotenthetsera limagwira ntchito yotseka bwino komanso yotetezera kutentha, gawo lozizira ndi losavuta kuchotsa kuti kuzizire mwachangu; Chachitatu, njira yopumira mpweya imayikidwa pansi pa ng'anjo ndi khoma la ng'anjo. Njira yopumira mpweya imagwiritsa ntchito njerwa zokonzedwa kale zokhala ndi pakamwa pa lamba wachikazi, pomwe imathandizira simenti yotentha kwambiri, ndikuganizira kuzizira kwa mpweya wokakamiza panthawi yozizira.
2. 2 Konzani bwino njira yopezera mphamvu pogwiritsa ntchito njira yowerengera
Pakadali pano, mphamvu yamagetsi ya ng'anjo ya graphitization ya electrode yoyipa imapangidwa malinga ndi zomwe zachitika, ndipo njira ya graphitization imasinthidwa pamanja nthawi iliyonse malinga ndi kutentha ndi momwe ng'anjo ilili, ndipo palibe muyezo wogwirizana. Kukonza curve yotenthetsera kungathe kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ng'anjoyo ikugwira ntchito bwino. CHITSANZO CHA MANAMBALA A NANG'ONO CHA KULINGANA KWA NANG'ONO CHIYENERA KUKHAZIKIKA ndi njira zasayansi malinga ndi mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana ya malire ndi magawo akuthupi, ndipo ubale pakati pa mphamvu yamagetsi, magetsi, mphamvu yonse ndi kugawa kutentha kwa gawo lopingasa mu njira ya graphHItization uyenera kusanthulidwa, kuti apange curve yoyenera yotenthetsera ndikuyisintha mosalekeza mu ntchito yeniyeni. Monga momwe zimakhalira kumayambiriro kwa kutumiza mphamvu, kugwiritsa ntchito kutumiza mphamvu yayikulu, kenako kuchepetsa mphamvu mwachangu kenako kukwera pang'onopang'ono, mphamvu kenako kuchepetsa mphamvu mpaka kumapeto kwa mphamvu.
2. 3 Kukulitsa moyo wa ntchito ya thupi lophimbidwa ndi lotenthetsera
Kuwonjezera pa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, nthawi ya crucible ndi heater imatsimikiza mwachindunji mtengo wa graphitization yoyipa. Pa thupi lotenthetsera la graphite ndi graphite, njira yoyendetsera kupanga yotulutsira kunja, kuwongolera koyenera kutentha ndi kuzizira, mzere wopangira crucible wokha, kulimbitsa kutseka kuti kupewe okosijeni ndi njira zina zowonjezera nthawi yobwezeretsanso crucible, kuchepetsa mtengo wa inki ya graphite. Kuphatikiza pa miyeso yomwe ili pamwambapa, mbale yotenthetsera ya grid box graphitization ng'anjo ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati zinthu zotenthetsera za anode yophikidwa kale, electrode kapena zinthu zokhazikika za carbonaceous zokhala ndi resistivity yayikulu kuti zisunge mtengo wa graphitization.
2.4 Kulamulira mpweya wa chitoliro ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kotayira
Mpweya wotuluka m'madzi wopangidwa panthawi ya graphitization umachokera makamaka ku zinthu zotentha ndi zotentha za zinthu za anode, kutentha kwa kaboni pamwamba, kutuluka kwa mpweya ndi zina zotero. Poyamba kuyambitsa ng'anjo, zinthu zotentha ndi fumbi zimatuluka zambiri, malo ogwirira ntchito ndi oipa, mabizinesi ambiri alibe njira zochizira bwino, ili ndiye vuto lalikulu lomwe limakhudza thanzi la ogwira ntchito komanso chitetezo cha ma electrode oipa. Payenera kuchitidwa khama lalikulu kuti tiganizire bwino za kusonkhanitsa ndi kuyang'anira bwino mpweya wotuluka m'madzi ndi fumbi mu workshop, ndipo njira zoyenera zopumira ziyenera kutengedwa kuti zichepetse kutentha kwa workshop ndikukonza malo ogwirira ntchito a graphitization workshop.
Pambuyo poti mpweya wa flue utha kusonkhanitsidwa kudzera mu flue kupita mu chipinda choyaka moto, chotsani phula ndi fumbi mu mpweya wa flue, kutentha kwa mpweya wa flue mu chipinda choyaka moto kuli pamwamba pa 800℃, ndipo kutentha kwa zinyalala za mpweya wa flue kumatha kubwezedwa kudzera mu boiler ya nthunzi yotentha kapena chosinthira kutentha cha chipolopolo. Ukadaulo wa RTO woyaka womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza utsi wa phula la kaboni ungagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati njira yodziwira, ndipo mpweya wa phula la asphalt umatenthedwa kufika pa 850 ~ 900℃. Kudzera mu kuyaka kosungira kutentha, phula ndi zigawo zina zosasunthika ndi ma hydrocarbon ena a polycyclic aromatic mu mpweya wa flue zimasungunuka ndikusungunuka kukhala CO2 ndi H2O, ndipo kuyeretsa kogwira mtima kumatha kufika pa 99%. Dongosololi limagwira ntchito yokhazikika komanso liwiro lalikulu la ntchito.
2. 5 Choyimitsa chopitilira choyipa cha graphitization
Mitundu ingapo ya ng'anjo ya graphitization yomwe yatchulidwa pamwambapa ndiyo kapangidwe kake ka ng'anjo ka anode ku China, mfundo yodziwika bwino ndi kupanga nthawi ndi nthawi, kutentha kochepa, kutulutsa kumadalira kwambiri ntchito yamanja, kuchuluka kwa automation sikokwera. Ng'anjo yofanana yozungulira yopingasa yopingasa ya graphitization ingapangidwe potengera chitsanzo cha ng'anjo ya petroleum coke calcination ndi bauxite calcination shaft. ARC yotsutsa imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la kutentha kwambiri, zinthuzo zimatulutsidwa nthawi zonse ndi mphamvu yake yokoka, ndipo kapangidwe kozizira ka madzi kozizira kapena gasification kamagwiritsidwa ntchito kuziziritsa zinthu zotentha kwambiri m'dera lotulukira, ndipo dongosolo lotumizira ufa limagwiritsidwa ntchito kutulutsa ndikudyetsa zinthuzo kunja kwa ng'anjo. Mtundu wa FURNACE ukhoza kupanga mosalekeza, kutayika kwa kutentha kwa thupi la ng'anjo kumatha kunyalanyazidwa, kotero kuti kutentha kumawonjezeka kwambiri, phindu lotulutsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndizodziwikiratu, ndipo ntchito yonse yodziyimira yokha imatha kukwaniritsidwa mokwanira. Mavuto akuluakulu omwe akuyenera kuthetsedwa ndi kusinthasintha kwa ufa, kufanana kwa digiri ya graphitization, chitetezo, kuyang'anira kutentha ndi kuzizira, ndi zina zotero. Akukhulupirira kuti ndi chitukuko chopambana cha ng'anjo kuti ikule bwino kupanga mafakitale, izi ziyambitsa kusintha kwakukulu pakupanga graphitization ya ma electrode.
3 chilankhulo cha mfundo
Njira ya mankhwala a graphite ndiye vuto lalikulu kwambiri lomwe limavutitsa opanga zinthu za lithiamu batire. Chifukwa chachikulu ndichakuti pakadali mavuto ena pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, mtengo, kuteteza chilengedwe, digiri ya automation, chitetezo ndi zina mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa ng'anjo ya graphitization. Tsogolo la makampaniwa likuyang'ana pakupanga kapangidwe ka ng'anjo yopangidwa yokha komanso yokonzedwa bwino, komanso kuthandizira malo othandizira okhwima komanso odalirika. Panthawiyo, mavuto a graphitization omwe amavutitsa mabizinesi adzasintha kwambiri, ndipo makampaniwa adzalowa munthawi ya chitukuko chokhazikika, zomwe zimalimbikitsa chitukuko chachangu cha mafakitale atsopano okhudzana ndi mphamvu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-19-2022