Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kagayidwe ka mafuta ndi coke yochokera ku malasha kuli m'njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana kwakukulu pakusintha kwa kapangidwe ka kristalo, kusintha kwa katundu, komanso zovuta zowongolera njira. Kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane kuli motere:
1. Kusiyana kwa Mapangidwe a Mankhwala Opangira Zinthu Zopangira Zinthu Kumayika Maziko a Khalidwe la Calcination
Coke yochokera ku mafuta imachokera ku ma distillates olemera monga mafuta otsalira ndi mafuta oyeretsedwa omwe amapangidwa ndi catalytic cracking. Kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala kamadziwika makamaka ndi ma hydrocarbons afupiafupi okhala ndi unyolo wolunjika, okhala ndi ma hydrocarbons ochepa a sulfure, nayitrogeni, mpweya, ndi zitsulo, komanso zonyansa zochepa komanso zinthu zosasungunuka za quinoline. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapangitsa kuti calcination ichitike chifukwa cha pyrolysis reactions, yokhala ndi njira yosavuta yochitira zinthu komanso kuchotsa zonyansa zonse.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, coke yochokera ku malasha imapangidwa kuchokera ku phula la malasha ndi ma distillates ake, omwe ali ndi kuchuluka kwa ma hydrocarbons amitundu yayitali komanso yozungulira, pamodzi ndi sulfure, nayitrogeni, ma heteroatomu a okosijeni, ndi zonyansa zolimba. Kapangidwe ka coke yochokera ku malasha sikuti kokha kamayambitsa zochitika za pyrolysis komanso zochitika zazikulu za condensation panthawi ya calcination, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yovuta kwambiri yochitira zinthu komanso kuvutika kwambiri kuchotsa zonyansa.
2. Kusiyana kwa Kapangidwe ka Crystal Kusintha kwa Zinthu Kumakhudza Katundu wa Zinthu
Pa nthawi ya calcination, ma microcrystals a carbon mu coke yochokera ku mafuta amawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono m'mimba mwake (La), kutalika (Lc), ndi kuchuluka kwa zigawo mkati mwa makristalo (N). Kuchuluka kwa ma microcrystals abwino a graphite (Ig/Iall) kumawonjezekanso kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti Lc imakumana ndi "inflection point" chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa zinthu zosinthasintha komanso kuchepa kwa coke yaiwisi, kapangidwe ka kristalo konse kamakhala kokhazikika, ndi digiri yapamwamba ya graphitization. Kusintha kwa kapangidwe kameneka kumapatsa coke yochokera ku mafuta zinthu zabwino kwambiri monga low thermal expansion coefficient, low electrical resistivity, komanso high electrical conductivity pambuyo pa calcination, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kwambiri popanga ma electrode akuluakulu a graphite amphamvu kwambiri.
Mofananamo, kapangidwe ka carbon microcrystal ka coke yochokera ku malasha kamasintha ndi kuwonjezeka kwa La, Lc, ndi N panthawi ya calcination. Komabe, chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa kwa zonyansa ndi ma condensation reactions mu zopangira, pali zolakwika zambiri za kristalo, ndipo kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa graphite microcrystal koyenera kumakhala kochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, "inflection point" ya Lc imaonekera kwambiri mu coke yochokera ku malasha, ndipo zigawo zatsopano zomwe zawonjezeredwa zimawonetsa "zolakwika zomangira" ndi zigawo zoyambirira, zomwe zimapangitsa kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa malo olumikizirana (d002). Makhalidwe amenewa amapangitsa kuti coke yochokera ku malasha ikhale ndi coefficient yotsika ya kutentha komanso kukana kwamagetsi kuposa coke yochokera ku mafuta pambuyo pa calcination, koma mphamvu yochepa komanso kukana kukwawa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kwambiri popanga ma electrode amphamvu kwambiri komanso ma electrode amphamvu kwambiri apakatikati.
3. Kusiyana kwa Kusintha kwa Katundu Wathupi Kumazindikira Madera Ogwiritsira Ntchito
Pa nthawi ya calcination, coke yochokera ku mafuta imadutsa mu thorough volatile matter escape ndi uniform voliyumu shrinkage, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchulukana kwenikweni kuchuluke (mpaka 2.00–2.12 g/cm³) komanso mphamvu ya makina ikule bwino. Nthawi yomweyo, mphamvu yamagetsi, kukana okosijeni, komanso kukhazikika kwa mankhwala a calcined zimawonjezeka kwambiri, zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zolimba za zinthu zapamwamba za graphite.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, coke yochokera ku malasha imakumana ndi mavuto m'deralo panthawi yotuluka zinthu zosasunthika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kusayera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti voliyumu yake isafanane komanso kuchuluka kochepa kwa kachulukidwe kake. Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu yochepa komanso kukana kukwiya kwa coke yochokera ku malasha pambuyo pa calcination, komanso chizolowezi chake chokulirapo panthawi ya graphitization yotentha kwambiri, zimafuna kuwongolera mwamphamvu kuchuluka kwa kutentha. Makhalidwe amenewa amachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito coke yochokera ku malasha m'minda yapamwamba, ngakhale kuti coefficient yake yotsika ya kutentha komanso kukana kwamagetsi kumapangitsa kuti isasinthidwe m'malo enaake.
4. Kusiyana kwa Mavuto Okhudza Kulamulira Njira Kumakhudza Kugwira Ntchito Bwino kwa Ntchito
Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kosavuta ka mankhwala, coke yochokera ku mafuta imawonetsa njira zomveka bwino zochitira zinthu panthawi ya calcination, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zochepa zowongolera njira. Mwa kukonza bwino magawo monga kutentha kwa calcination, kutentha kwambiri, ndi kuwongolera mlengalenga, ubwino ndi magwiridwe antchito a zinthu zopangidwa ndi calcined zitha kuwongoleredwa bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zosinthasintha mu coke yochokera ku mafuta kumapereka mphamvu yotenthetsera yokha panthawi ya calcination, kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kapangidwe ka mankhwala ovuta a coke yochokera ku malasha kamayambitsa njira zosiyanasiyana zochitira zinthu panthawi ya calcination, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zowongolera njira. Kukonza zinthu zopangira zinthu mosamala, kuwongolera kutentha moyenera, komanso kusintha kwapadera kwa mlengalenga ndikofunikira kuti zinthu ziyende bwino pambuyo pa calcination. Kuphatikiza apo, coke yochokera ku malasha imafuna kuwonjezera mphamvu yowonjezera kutentha panthawi ya calcination, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zopangira ziwonjezeke komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-07-2026