Chidule:wolemba akuwunika kupanga singano coke ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito m'dziko lathu, chiyembekezo chakugwiritsa ntchito kwake mu ma electrode a graphite ndi chiyembekezo chamakampani opangira ma elekitirodi, kuti aphunzire zovuta zakukula kwa singano ya coke, kuphatikiza zopangira zidasowa, mtundu wake. sizokwera, kuzungulira kwanthawi yayitali komanso kuwunika kwa kuchuluka kwa ntchito, onjezerani kafukufuku wamagulu azinthu, kugwiritsa ntchito, miyeso yamachitidwe, monga maphunziro a mayanjano kuti apange msika wapamwamba kwambiri.
Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana a zipangizo, singano coke akhoza kugawidwa mu mafuta singano coke ndi malasha singano coke. Mafuta a singano coke amapangidwa makamaka kuchokera ku FCC slurry kudzera mukuyenga, hydrodesulfurization, kuchedwa kuphika ndi kuwerengetsa. Njirayi ndi yovuta kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi luso lapamwamba. Singano coke ali ndi makhalidwe a carbon high, otsika sulfure, otsika nayitrogeni, otsika phulusa ndi zina zotero, ndipo ali kwambiri electrochemical ndi makina katundu pambuyo graphitization. Ndi mtundu wa anisotropic apamwamba-mapeto carbon zinthu ndi graphitization zosavuta.
Singano coke zimagwiritsa ntchito kopitilira muyeso mkulu mphamvu graphite elekitirodi, ndi lithiamu ion batire cathode zipangizo, monga "mpweya mpweya", "mpweya ndale" zolinga njira, mayiko kupitiriza kulimbikitsa chitsulo ndi zitsulo ndi galimoto kusintha makampani ndi kukulitsa kapangidwe mafakitale. kusintha ndikulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zopulumutsa mpweya wochepa komanso ukadaulo wobiriwira woteteza chilengedwe, kulimbikitsa kupanga zitsulo zamagetsi arc ndikukula mwachangu magalimoto amphamvu, Kufunika kwa coke ya singano yaiwisi kukukulirakuliranso. M'tsogolomu, malonda akumunsi a singano a coke adzakhala akuyenda bwino kwambiri. Mutuwu ukuwunika momwe ntchito ikugwiritsidwira ntchito komanso chiyembekezo cha singano ya singano mu graphite elekitirodi ndi zinthu za anode, ndikuyika patsogolo zovuta ndi zoyeserera kuti pakhale chitukuko chabwino chamakampani a singano.
1. Kusanthula kwa kupanga ndi kuyenda kwa singano coke
1.1 Kupanga singano coke
Kupanga singano coke makamaka anaikira m'mayiko ochepa monga China, United States, United Kingdom, South Korea ndi Japan. Mu 2011, mphamvu yapadziko lonse lapansi yopanga singano ya singano inali pafupifupi 1200kt/a, pomwe mphamvu yaku China inali 250kt/a, ndipo panali opanga anayi okha a singano aku China. Pofika chaka cha 2021, malinga ndi ziwerengero za Sinfern Information, mphamvu yapadziko lonse lapansi yopanga singano ya singano idzawonjezeka kufika pafupifupi 3250kt/a, ndipo mphamvu yopangira singano ku China idzawonjezeka kufika pafupifupi 2240kt/a, kuwerengera 68.9% yapadziko lonse lapansi. mphamvu yopanga, ndipo kuchuluka kwa opanga singano aku China kudzakwera mpaka 21.
Table 1 ikuwonetsa mphamvu yopangira opanga 10 apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, omwe ali ndi mphamvu zopanga 2130kt/a, zomwe zimawerengera 65.5% yapadziko lonse lapansi. Potengera mphamvu yapadziko lonse lapansi yopanga mabizinesi a singano, opanga mafuta amtundu wa singano nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi sikelo yayikulu, pafupifupi mphamvu yopanga chomera chimodzi ndi 100 ~ 200kt/a, mphamvu yopangira singano yamakala ndi pafupifupi 50kT / a.
M'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi, mphamvu yopanga singano yapadziko lonse lapansi ipitilira kukula, koma makamaka kuchokera ku China. Kupanga kwa singano ku China komwe kumapangidwa ndikumanga ndi pafupifupi 430kT /a, ndipo kuchuluka kwachulukidwe kukukulirakulira. Kunja kwa China, mphamvu ya singano ya singano ndiyokhazikika, ndi makina oyeretsera a OMSK aku Russia akukonzekera kupanga 38kt/a singano coke unit mu 2021.
Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsa kupanga kwa singano coke ku China m'zaka zaposachedwa za 5. Monga tikuwonera pa Chithunzi 1, kupanga singano ku China kwakula kwambiri, ndikukula kwapachaka kwa 45% m'zaka 5. Mu 2020, kuchuluka kwa singano ku China kudafika 517kT, kuphatikiza 176kT yamitundu yamakala ndi 341kT yamafuta angapo.
1.2 Kulowetsa singano coke
Chithunzi 2 chikuwonetsa momwe kulowetsedwa kwa singano ku China m'zaka zaposachedwa za 5. Monga tikuwonera pa Chithunzi 2, mliri wa COVID-19 usanachitike, kuchuluka kwa singano ku China kudakwera kwambiri, kufika 270kT mu 2019, mbiri yakale. Mu 2020, chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa singano yochokera kunja, kutsika kwa mpikisano, kuwerengera kwakukulu kwa doko, komanso kutsogozedwa ndi kufalikira kwa miliri ku Europe ndi United States, kuchuluka kwa singano ku China mu 2020 kunali 132kt, kutsika ndi 51% chaka ndi chaka. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mu singano coke coke kunja mu 2020, mafuta singano coke anali 27.5kT, pansi 82.93% chaka ndi chaka; Malasha muyeso singano coke 104.1kt, 18.26% kuposa chaka chatha, chifukwa chachikulu n'chakuti mayendedwe panyanja Japan ndi South Korea sakhudzidwa ndi mliri, chachiwiri, mtengo wa zinthu zina ku Japan ndi South Korea ndi wotsika kuposa za zinthu zofanana ku China, ndipo kutsika kwa mtsinje ndikokulirapo.
1.3 Njira yogwiritsira ntchito singano ya coke
Singano coke ndi mtundu wa zinthu mkulu-mapeto mpweya, amene zimagwiritsa ntchito monga zopangira kupanga kopitilira muyeso-mkulu mphamvu graphite elekitirodi ndi yokumba graphite anode zipangizo. Magawo ofunikira kwambiri ogwiritsira ntchito ma terminal ndi kupanga zitsulo za arc ng'anjo yamagetsi ndi mabatire amagetsi amagetsi atsopano.
CHITH. 3 ikuwonetsa kagwiritsidwe kake ka singano ku China m'zaka 5 zaposachedwa. Ma elekitirodi a graphite ndiye gawo lalikulu kwambiri logwiritsira ntchito, ndipo kukula kwa kufunikira kumalowa m'malo osalala, pomwe zida za electrode zoyipa zikupitilira kukula mwachangu. Mu 2020, kuchuluka kwa singano coke ku China (kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zida) kunali 740kT, pomwe 340kT ya zinthu zoyipa ndi 400kt ya ma elekitirodi a graphite adadyedwa, kuwerengera 45% yakugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoyipa.
2.1 Kupanga zitsulo za eAF
Makampani opanga zitsulo ndi zitsulo ndi omwe amapanga kwambiri mpweya wa carbon ku China. Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zopangira chitsulo ndi chitsulo: ng'anjo yophulika ndi ng'anjo yamagetsi yamagetsi. Pakati pawo, kupanga zitsulo zamagetsi arc ng'anjo kumatha kuchepetsa mpweya wa carbon ndi 60%, ndipo amatha kuzindikira kukonzanso zinthu zazitsulo zowonongeka ndikuchepetsa kudalira zitsulo zachitsulo. Makampani achitsulo ndi zitsulo akukonzekera kuti atsogolere kukwaniritsa cholinga cha "carbon peak" ndi "carbon neutrality" pofika chaka cha 2025. Motsogozedwa ndi ndondomeko ya dziko lachitsulo ndi zitsulo, padzakhala zomera zambiri zazitsulo zomwe zidzalowe m'malo. chosinthira ndi kuphulika ng'anjo yachitsulo yokhala ndi ng'anjo yamagetsi yamagetsi.
Mu 2020, China zitsulo zosakongola linanena bungwe ndi 1054.4mt, amene linanena bungwe EAF zitsulo pafupifupi 96Mt, mlandu 9.1% yokha ya okwana zitsulo zosakongola, poyerekeza ndi 18% ya avareji padziko lonse, 67% ya United States, 39. % ya European Union, ndi 22% ya Japan EAF zitsulo, pali mwayi waukulu kupita patsogolo. Malinga ndi kulembedwa kwa "Guidance on Promoting of High-quality Development of Iron and Steel Industry" yoperekedwa ndi Unduna wa Zamakampani ndi Information Technology pa Disembala 31, 2020, gawo la zitsulo za eAF pakupanga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri liyenera kuwonjezeka kufika pa 15. % ~ 20% pofika 2025. Kuwonjezeka kwa kupanga zitsulo za eAF kudzakulitsa kufunikira kwa ma elekitirodi amphamvu kwambiri a graphite. Kapangidwe ka ng'anjo yamagetsi yapakhomo ndi yokwera komanso yayikulu, yomwe imapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunika kokulirapo komanso ma elekitirodi apamwamba kwambiri a graphite.
2.2 Mkhalidwe wopanga ma graphite electrode
graphite elekitirodi ndi consumable kwa eAF steelmaking. Chithunzi 4 chikuwonetsa mphamvu yopanga ndi linanena bungwe la elekitirodi graphite ku China posachedwapa zaka 5. Mphamvu yopangira ma elekitirodi a graphite yawonjezeka kuchoka pa 1050kT/a mu 2016 kufika pa 2200kt/a mu 2020, ndi kukula kwapachaka kwa 15.94%. Zaka zisanu izi ndi nthawi ya kukula mofulumira mphamvu graphite elekitirodi kupanga, komanso kuthamanga mkombero wa chitukuko mofulumira makampani graphite elekitirodi. Pamaso 2017, makampani graphite elekitirodi monga makampani kupanga miyambo ndi mowa mkulu mphamvu ndi kuipitsidwa mkulu, lalikulu zoweta graphite elekitirodi mabizinesi kuchepetsa kupanga, ang'onoang'ono ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe graphite elekitirodi mabizinesi nkhope kutsekedwa, ndipo ngakhale zimphona mayiko elekitirodi ndi kusiya kupanga, kugulitsanso ndikutuluka. Mu 2017, motsogozedwa komanso motsogozedwa ndi mfundo zoyendetsera dziko zokakamiza kuchotsa "zitsulo zapansi", mtengo wa ma elekitirodi a graphite ku China unakwera kwambiri. Molimbikitsidwa ndi phindu lochulukirapo, msika wa ma elekitirodi a graphite unadzetsa funde la kuyambiranso kwa mphamvu ndi kukula.
Mu 2019, kutulutsa kwa ma elekitirodi a graphite ku China kudakweranso m'zaka zaposachedwa, kufika pa 1189kT. Mu 2020, kutulutsa kwa ma elekitirodi a graphite kudatsika mpaka 1020kT chifukwa cha kuchepa kwamphamvu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mliri. Koma ponseponse, makampani opanga ma graphite electrode aku China ali ndi mphamvu zambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa magwiritsidwe ntchito kudatsika kuchoka pa 70% mu 2017 mpaka 46% mu 2020, kutsika kwatsopano kogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
2.3 Kufufuza kofunikira kwa singano ya singano mumakampani a graphite electrode
Kukula kwa chitsulo cha eAF kudzayendetsa kufunikira kwa ma elekitirodi amphamvu kwambiri a graphite. Akuti kufunikira kwa ma elekitirodi a graphite kudzakhala pafupifupi 1300kt mu 2025, ndipo kufunika kwa coke ya singano yaiwisi kudzakhala pafupifupi 450kT. Chifukwa popanga kukula kwakukulu ndi ma electrode amphamvu kwambiri a graphite ndi olowa, coke ya singano yopangidwa ndi mafuta ndi yabwino kuposa singano yopangidwa ndi malasha, gawo la graphite electrode lomwe likufunika pakupanga singano lopangidwa ndi mafuta lidzachulukitsidwa. malo amsika a singano coke coke.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-23-2022