Chifukwa chiyani ma electrode a graphite amatha kupirira malo otentha kwambiri?

Chifukwa chiyani ma electrode a graphite amatha kupirira malo otentha kwambiri?

Ma electrode a graphite amatenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri pamafakitale amakono, makamaka pakugwiritsa ntchito m'malo otentha kwambiri, monga chitsulo chamagetsi arc ng'anjo yamagetsi, aluminium electrolysis, ndi electrochemical processing. Chifukwa chomwe ma elekitirodi a graphite amatha kupirira malo otentha kwambiri makamaka chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo apadera akuthupi ndi mankhwala. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza mwatsatanetsatane momwe ma elekitirodi a graphite amagwirira ntchito m'malo otentha kwambiri kuchokera kuzinthu monga kapangidwe kake, mawonekedwe amafuta, kukhazikika kwamankhwala, komanso mphamvu zamakina a graphite.

1. Makhalidwe a graphite

Graphite ndi zinthu zosanjikiza zopangidwa ndi ma atomu a carbon. Mu mawonekedwe a kristalo a graphite, maatomu a kaboni amapangidwa mugawo la hexagonal planar. Ma atomu a kaboni mkati mwa wosanjikiza uliwonse amalumikizidwa ndi zomangira zolimba za covalent, pomwe zigawozo zimalumikizana wina ndi mnzake kudzera mu mphamvu zofooka za van der Waals. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapangitsa graphite kukhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera akuthupi ndi mankhwala.

Zomangira zolimba zolimba mkati mwa zigawo: Zomangira zokhazikika pakati pa maatomu a carbon mkati mwa zigawo zimakhala zolimba kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma graphite azikhala okhazikika ngakhale kutentha kwambiri.

Mphamvu zofooka za van der Waals pakati pa zigawo: Kuyanjana pakati pa zigawo kumakhala kofooka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti graphite ikhale yotsetsereka ikagwidwa ndi mphamvu zakunja. Izi zimapatsa graphite ndi lubricity kwambiri komanso processability.

2. Thermal katundu

Kuchita bwino kwambiri kwa ma elekitirodi a graphite m'malo otentha kwambiri kumatheka chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zamatenthedwe.

Malo osungunuka kwambiri: Graphite ali ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri, pafupifupi 3,652 °C, omwe ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa zitsulo zambiri ndi alloys. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti graphite ikhalebe yolimba pakatentha kwambiri popanda kusungunuka kapena kupunduka.

Mkulu matenthedwe madutsidwe: Graphite ali ndi mkulu matenthedwe madutsidwe, amene mwamsanga kuchititsa ndi kumwazikana kutentha, kupewa kutenthedwa m'deralo. Khalidweli limathandiza kuti ma elekitirodi a graphite azigawanitsa kutentha m'malo otentha kwambiri, kuchepetsa nkhawa zamafuta ndikuwonjezera moyo wautumiki.

Low coefficient of thermal expansion: Graphite imakhala ndi coefficient yocheperako pakukulitsa kutentha, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti voliyumu yake imasintha pang'ono kutentha kwambiri. Khalidweli limathandizira ma elekitirodi a graphite kukhalabe okhazikika m'malo otentha kwambiri, kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwapang'onopang'ono komanso kupunduka komwe kumachitika chifukwa chakukula kwamafuta.

3. Kukhazikika kwa mankhwala

Kukhazikika kwamankhwala kwa ma electrode a graphite m'malo otentha kwambiri ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri kuti athe kupirira kutentha kwambiri.

Kukana kwa okosijeni: Pakutentha kwambiri, momwe graphite yokhala ndi okosijeni imayendera pang'onopang'ono, makamaka mumipweya ya inert kapena kuchepetsa mlengalenga, pomwe makutidwe ndi okosijeni a graphite ndi otsika kwambiri. Kukana kwa okosijeni kumeneku kumathandizira ma elekitirodi a graphite kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali m'malo otentha kwambiri popanda oxidized ndi kutha.

Kukana kwa dzimbiri: Graphite ali ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa ma acid ambiri, alkali ndi mchere, zomwe zimapangitsa ma elekitirodi a graphite kukhala okhazikika m'malo otentha kwambiri komanso owononga. Mwachitsanzo, panthawi ya aluminiyamu ya electrolytic, ma elekitirodi a graphite amatha kupirira kuwonongeka kwa aluminiyumu wosungunuka ndi mchere wa fluoride.

4. Mphamvu zamakina

Ngakhale interlaminar mogwirizana graphite ndi ndi ofooka, amphamvu covalent zomangira mkati mwake intramellar dongosolo endow graphite ndi mkulu mawotchi mphamvu.

Mphamvu zopondereza kwambiri: Ma elekitirodi a graphite amatha kukhalabe ndi mphamvu zopondereza kwambiri ngakhale kutentha kwambiri, kutha kupirira kupanikizika kwambiri komanso kukhudzidwa kwamphamvu m'ng'anjo zamagetsi zamagetsi.

Kukana kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kwamafuta: Kutsika kocheperako komwe kumawonjezera kutentha komanso kutsika kwamafuta amtundu wa graphite kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yolimba kwambiri yolimbana ndi kugwedezeka kwamafuta, kupangitsa kuti ikhalebe yolimba pakuwotcha mwachangu komanso kuzizira komanso kuchepetsa kusweka ndi kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwamafuta.

5. Mphamvu zamagetsi

Magwiridwe amagetsi a ma electrode a graphite m'malo otentha kwambiri ndi chifukwa chofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito kwawo.

High magetsi madutsidwe: Graphite ali kwambiri madutsidwe magetsi, amene angathe kuchita bwino panopa ndi kuchepetsa kutaya mphamvu. Khalidwe limeneli limathandiza maelekitirodi a graphite kusamutsa mphamvu zamagetsi moyenera mu ng'anjo zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi njira za electrolysis.

Low resistivity: Kutsika kochepa kwa graphite kumapangitsa kuti ikhalebe yotsika kwambiri pa kutentha kwakukulu, kuchepetsa kutentha kwa kutentha ndi kutaya mphamvu, komanso kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu.

6. Processing ntchito

Kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka ma electrode a graphite ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito kwawo m'malo otentha kwambiri.

Easy processability: Graphite ili ndi processability yabwino kwambiri ndipo imatha kusinthidwa kukhala maelekitirodi amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe kudzera pamakina, kutembenuza, mphero ndi njira zina kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yogwiritsira ntchito.

Chiyero chachikulu: Ma electrode a graphite apamwamba kwambiri amakhala okhazikika komanso ochita bwino m'malo otentha kwambiri, omwe amatha kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwamankhwala ndi zolakwika zamapangidwe zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi zonyansa.

7. Zitsanzo za Ntchito

Ma electrode a graphite amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri otentha kwambiri. Izi ndi zina mwa zitsanzo zogwiritsiridwa ntchito:

Electric arc ng'anjo steelmaking: Pamagetsi arc ng'anjo steelmaking ndondomeko, graphite maelekitirodi, monga conductive zipangizo, akhoza kupirira kutentha mpaka 3000 ° C, kutembenuza mphamvu ya magetsi mu matenthedwe mphamvu kusungunula zitsulo zitsulo ndi nkhumba chitsulo.

Electrolytic zotayidwa: Pa ndondomeko electrolytic zotayidwa, ndi elekitirodi graphite akutumikira monga anode, wokhoza kupirira kutentha mkulu ndi dzimbiri wa sungunuka zotayidwa ndi fluoride mchere, stably kuchititsa panopa, ndi kulimbikitsa electrolytic kupanga zotayidwa.

Makina a Electrochemical Machining: Pamakina a electrochemical, ma electrode a graphite, monga ma elekitirodi a zida, amatha kugwira ntchito mokhazikika m'malo otentha kwambiri komanso owononga, ndikukwaniritsa kukonza ndi kupanga mwatsatanetsatane.

Mapeto

Pomaliza, chifukwa chomwe ma elekitirodi a graphite amatha kupirira malo otentha kwambiri makamaka amakhala mu mawonekedwe awo apadera, matenthedwe abwino kwambiri, kukhazikika kwamankhwala, mphamvu zamakina, mphamvu zamagetsi ndi magwiridwe antchito. Makhalidwewa amathandiza ma elekitirodi a graphite kukhala okhazikika komanso ogwira mtima m'malo otentha kwambiri komanso owononga, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo monga magetsi a ng'anjo yamagetsi, electrolytic aluminiyamu, ndi electrochemical processing. Ndi chitukuko chosalekeza chaukadaulo wamafakitale, magwiridwe antchito ndi kuchuluka kwa ma elekitirodi a graphite adzakulitsidwanso, ndikupereka mayankho odalirika komanso ogwira mtima pamafakitale otentha kwambiri.