Mpweya wokhazikika komanso sulfure wochepa, nayitrogeni wochepa komanso phulusa lochepa ndizofunikira kwambiri pa zinthu zoyeretsera mpweya, chifukwa zizindikirozi zimakhudza mwachindunji momwe zinthu zoyeretsera mpweya zimagwirira ntchito, mtundu wa kuponyera ndi ndalama zopangira, ndipo ndi magawo ofunikira poyesa momwe zinthu zoyeretsera mpweya zimagwirira ntchito. Kusanthula kwapadera kuli motere:
1. Mpweya wokhazikika kwambiri: Mwala wapangodya wa kaboni umawonjezera kugwira ntchito bwino
Ntchito yaikulu: Mpweya wosasunthika ndiye chinthu chogwira ntchito chomwe chimatenga nawo mbali pakuwonjezeka kwa kaboni mu chowonjezera cha kaboni, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kumatsimikizira mwachindunji zotsatira za kuwonjezeka kwa kaboni. Mpweya wosasunthika ukakhala wokwera, zinthu zambiri za kaboni zimatha kuperekedwa ndi chowonjezera cha kaboni pa unit mass, ndipo mphamvu yowonjezera kaboni imakhala yokwera.
Chuma: Mpweya wokhazikika kwambiri ungachepetse kuchuluka kwa zowonjezera za kaboni zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikuchepetsa ndalama zopangira. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kuchuluka kwa kaboni kokhazikika kwawonjezeka kuchoka pa 90% mpaka 95%, mphamvu ya kaboni ingakwere ndi 10% mpaka 15%, pomwe kuchepetsa kusokoneza kwa zinyalala monga phulusa pa njira yosungunulira.
Kugwirizana kwa njira: Mu kusungunula ng'anjo ya induction, zinthu zoyeretsera mpweya zokhala ndi mpweya wokhazikika zimatha kusungunuka mwachangu ndikufalikira mofanana, kupewa kusinthasintha kwa magwiridwe antchito opangidwa chifukwa cha kuyamwa kwa mpweya wosagwirizana.
2. Kuchepa kwa phulusa: Kumachepetsa kusokoneza kwa zinyalala ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito a kusungunula
Kuopsa kwa phulusa: Phulusa ndi kusayera kosakhala kwa kaboni mu zowonjezera za kaboni (monga zitsulo zosungunuka, silicates, ndi zina zotero). Ngati kuchuluka kwake kuli kokwera kwambiri, kumapanga slag layer, kuphimba tinthu ta kaboni ndikulepheretsa kusungunuka kwawo, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kuyamwa kwa kaboni. Mwachitsanzo, pamene kuchuluka kwa phulusa kukukwera kuchoka pa 2% mpaka 5%, kuchuluka kwa kuyamwa kwa kaboni kungatsike ndi 20% mpaka 30%.
Kulemera kwa njira: Kuchuluka kwa phulusa kudzawonjezeranso kuchuluka kwa slag, kutalikitsa nthawi yoyeretsa slag, ndikuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi mphamvu ya ogwira ntchito. Mu uvuni wosungunula phula, kusonkhanitsa phulusa kumatha kutseka phula losungunula ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi.
Kuopsa kwa Ubwino: Zinyalala zomwe zili mu phulusa zimatha kulowa m'mabokosi, zomwe zimayambitsa zolakwika monga ma porosity ndi ma shrinkage bowo, zomwe zingakhudze mawonekedwe a makina ndi ubwino wa pamwamba.
3. Sulfure yochepa: Imapewa kusokoneza kwa spheroidization ndipo imaonetsetsa kuti chitsulo choponyedwa chikugwira ntchito bwino
Kuopsa kwa sulfure: Sulfure ndi "chinthu choopsa" cha chitsulo chosungunuka. Chingasokoneze ntchito ya zinthu zosungunulira (monga magnesium ndi rare earths), zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonekera ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa ma graphite, komanso mawonekedwe a flake graphite, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri mphamvu ndi kulimba kwa zinthu zosungunuka.
Zofunikira pa ndondomeko: Popanga chitsulo chosungunuka, kuchuluka kwa sulfure mu chitsulo chosungunuka choyambirira kuyenera kulamulidwa mosamala pa ≤0.015%. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa sulfure mu chowonjezera cha kaboni kuyenera kukhala kochepa kwambiri (nthawi zambiri ≤0.05%) kuti tipewe chiopsezo cha kuwonjezera sulfure.
Kupatulapo chitsulo choyera: Chitsulo choyera chimafuna kuchuluka kwa sulfure (0.06%-0.12%) kuti chikhazikitse simenti ndikuletsa kukula kwa graphitization. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa sulfure mu carburizer kuyenera kulamulidwa pang'ono kuti tipewe kuchuluka kwa sulfure komwe kumabweretsa chizolowezi cha chitsulo choyera.
4. Nayitrogeni yochepa: Imaletsa ziphuphu za porosity ndikuwongolera kapangidwe ka metallographic
Kuphatikizika kwa nayitrogeni: Mu chitsulo choyera, nayitrogeni imatha kukhazikika ndi kupindika ndi kusuntha graphite, motero imawonjezera mphamvu zamakaniko (monga mphamvu yokoka ndi kuuma). Komabe, pamene kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni kupitirira kuchuluka kwa equilibrium (pafupifupi 140ppm), ma castings amatha kupanga ma pores a nayitrogeni ofanana ndi ming'alu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchuluka kwa zinyalala kukwere.
Kuwongolera njira: Kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni mu carburizer yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chitsulo choyera nthawi zambiri kumayendetsedwa pa 70-120 PPM, pomwe pa chitsulo chosungunuka, chomwe chimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ma porosity, carburizer yokhala ndi nayitrogeni wochepa (monga ≤200ppm) iyenera kusankhidwa.
Zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri: Mu ma castings olondola monga ma crankshaft a injini, kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni m'thupi kungayambitse zinthu zosafunikira pamakina. Chifukwa chake, zowonjezera mpweya wa nayitrogeni m'thupi ndizofunika kwambiri.
Zotsatira zonse: Chitsimikizo chogwiritsa ntchito bwino, chapamwamba komanso chotsika mtengo
Kuchuluka kwa kaboni kogwira ntchito bwino: Mpweya wokhazikika komanso phulusa lochepa zimathandiza kuti kaboni isungunuke mwachangu komanso kuti itenge mpweya mwachangu, zomwe zimachepetsa nthawi yosungunula.
Kuyika zinthu zabwino kwambiri: Sulfure yochepa komanso nayitrogeni yochepa zimateteza kulephera kwa spheroidization ndi zolakwika za porosity, zomwe zimaonetsetsa kuti makina ndi mawonekedwe abwino a pamwamba pake ndi abwino.
Kuwongolera mtengo: Mwa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zowonjezera za kaboni zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolakwika, mtengo wonse wopanga watsika kwambiri.
Kutsimikizira kwa nthawi
Chowonjezera cha kaboni cha grafiti: Mpweya wokhazikika ≥99%, kuchuluka kwa phulusa ≤0.5%, sulfure ≤0.05%, nayitrogeni ≤200ppm. Ndi yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosungunuka ndipo ili ndi mphamvu yowonjezera kaboni yoposa 90%.
Chowonjezera cha kaboni cha anthracite chosungunuka: Mpweya wokhazikika 90%-95%, phulusa 4%-5%, sulfure 0.3%-0.5%, nayitrogeni 800-1200ppm. Ndi yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo choyera, koma mlingo wake uyenera kulamulidwa kuti upewe sulfure ndi nayitrogeni wambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-25-2025