Udindo Wofunika Kwambiri ndi Kusanthula kwa Graphitized Petroleum Coke mu Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) Short Process ndi Low-Carbon Steelmaking
I. Zinthu Zapadera za Ma Electrode a Graphite, Zothandizira Kugwira Ntchito Mwanzeru kwa Njira Yaifupi ya EAF
1. Makhalidwe a Zinthu Zopangira ndi Kugwirizana kwa Njira Graphitized petroleum coke ndi chinthu chochokera ku petroleum coke chomwe chimayikidwa mu graphitization pa kutentha kopitilira 2,500°C, kusintha kapangidwe kake ka kristalo kuchoka pa mkhalidwe wosasinthika kukhala mawonekedwe a graphite okonzedwa bwino. Chimawonetsa mphamvu zamagetsi zambiri, mphamvu zamagetsi zambiri, kukana kutentha kwambiri (kupirira kutentha kopitilira 3,000°C), komanso kukhazikika kwa mankhwala. Makhalidwe amenewa amachipangitsa kukhala chinthu chabwino kwambiri chopangira ma electrode a graphite, omwe ndi zigawo zazikulu zoyendetsera magetsi mu EAF steelmaking.
2. Kuwongolera Kuchita Bwino Pakupanga Zitsulo Zosagwira Ntchito Mwachidule Njira yofupikitsa ya EAF imagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chotsalira ngati chakudya, kusungunula mwachindunji ndikuwonjezera zinyalala kudzera mu ma arc amagetsi opangidwa ndi ma electrode a graphite. Poyerekeza ndi njira yayitali yachikhalidwe ya blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) (yomwe imafuna iron ore ndi coking coal), njira yofupikitsa ya EAF imachotsa gawo lopangira chitsulo, kuchepetsa kutalika kwa njira ndi 60%, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi pafupifupi 60%, ndikuchepetsa mpweya wa CO₂ ndi pafupifupi 80%. Ma electrode a graphite opangidwa ndi graphitized petroleum coke amachita gawo lofunikira kwambiri panjira iyi:
- Kuyendetsa Magetsi Kwambiri: Kumachepetsa kutayika kwa mphamvu zamagetsi, kumawonjezera mphamvu ya kutentha kwa arc, ndikufupikitsa kuzungulira kwa kusungunula (monga, ma quantum EAF amachepetsa nthawi yosungunula ndi 50% poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe).
- Kukana Kutentha: Imapirira kutentha kwambiri mkati mwa ma EAF, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma electrode (monga, eco-EAFs imachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma electrode ndi 57.5% poyerekeza ndi uvuni wamba).
- Kukhazikika kwa Mankhwala: Kumaletsa kuyanjana pakati pa ma electrode ndi chitsulo chosungunuka kapena slag, kuonetsetsa kuti chitsulo chili choyera.
II. Kuyendetsa Kupanga Zitsulo Zopanda Mpweya Wokwanira: Kusintha Kobiriwira Kuchokera ku Zipangizo Zopangira Kupita ku Njira
1. Kusintha Mafuta a Zakale Kuti Muchepetse Utsi wa Carbon Njira yachikhalidwe yayitali imadalira kwambiri malasha ngati mafuta ndi chochepetsera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya ukhale wamphamvu kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, njira yachidule ya EAF imagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo ndi magetsi ngati gwero la mphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi alowe m'malo mwa malasha kudzera mu ma electrode a graphite ochokera ku petroleum coke. Ngati mphamvu zake zigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa (monga dzuwa kapena mphepo), mpweya wa carbon womwe umachokera ku zero umakhala wotheka. Mwachitsanzo, eco-EAFs imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zobiriwira kuti isungunule zinthu zopangira mpweya wochepa, ndikupanga zitsulo zokhala ndi ukadaulo "wosakhudzana ndi mpweya" komanso mpweya wa CO₂ wopanda CO₂.
2. Kubwezeretsa Kutentha Kotayika ndi Kukonza Mphamvu Moyenera Kupereka Mphamvu Moyenera Kupereka mphamvu zambiri za mafuta a coke omwe ali ndi graphitized kumathandiza kukhazikitsa njira zobwezeretsa kutentha kotayika mu EAFs. Mpweya wotentha kwambiri (wonyamula 11-20% ya mphamvu yolowera) ukhoza kubwezeretsa kutentha kudzera mu ma electrode a graphite kapena ma heat exchanger apadera kuti atenthetse zinyalala kapena kupanga magetsi, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, ukadaulo wokonzera kutentha kwa zinyalala umakweza kutentha kwa zinyalala kuchokera pamalo ozungulira mpaka kupitirira 600°C, kuchepetsa kuzungulira kwa kusungunula ndi 15-20% ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi pa tani imodzi yachitsulo ndi 36.95-40.22%.
3. Kulimbikitsa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zitsulo Zodulidwa Mozungulira Njira yachidule ya EAF, yoyendetsedwa ndi graphitized petroleum coke, ikusintha makampani opanga zitsulo kuchoka pa chitsanzo cha "zinthu zotayika" kupita ku dongosolo lozungulira la "zinthu zobwezerezedwanso". Pofika mu 2024, makampani otsogola adapanga zitsulo zopyapyala kwambiri, zolimba kwambiri zamagalimoto, zomwe zimakwaniritsa zosowa zopepuka pomwe akulinganiza mtengo ndi ubwino wa "chitsulo chobiriwira" pa chilengedwe.
III. Kukweza Ukadaulo ndi Zochitika Msika: Mtengo wa "Imvi" wa Graphitized Petroleum Coke Ukuwala
1. Kufunika Kokulira kwa Zinthu Zogwira Ntchito Kwambiri Pamene mphamvu za EAF zikuchulukirachulukira (monga, ng'anjo zopitirira matani 400) ndi ukadaulo wosungunulira (monga ma quantum EAF, eco-EAF), kufunikira kwa ma electrode apamwamba a graphite kumawonjezeka. Graphitized petroleum coke, monga chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, ikukumana ndi mpikisano waukulu pa kuyera (kuchuluka kwa phulusa <0.5%), kulowetsedwa kambirimbiri (ma cycle 3-4), ndi ultra-high-temperature graphitization (resistivity <4 μΩ·m).
2. Kuphatikiza Green Premium ndi Supply Chain Pansi pa zolinga za China za "dual carbon", opanga mafuta a coke okhala ndi graphitized amachepetsa zizindikiro za carbon kudzera mu kupanga mphamvu zobiriwira ndi malonda a carbon, kupeza "green premiums" ndikukopa makasitomala apamwamba apadziko lonse lapansi. Makampani otsogola akufalikiranso molunjika kuti apange ma loops ophatikizana a mafakitale okhala ndi "coke raw materials-graphitization-anode materials," kukhazikika kwa ma chain of supply ndi kuchepetsa ndalama.
3. Ndondomeko ndi Kukula Koyendetsedwa ndi Msika Ndondomeko monga Malangizo a ku China Olimbikitsa Kukula Kwabwino kwa Makampani Achitsulo zimalimbikitsa momveka bwino kugwiritsa ntchito EAF, ndipo chiŵerengero cha kupanga zitsulo cha EAF chikuyembekezeka kukwera kwambiri pofika chaka cha 2025. Monga chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha EAFs, coke ya petroleum yokhala ndi graphitized idzawona kukula kwa msika kosalekeza, zomwe zidzatsogolera makampaniwa kuti agwire bwino ntchito komanso kuchepetsa mpweya woipa.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-14-2026