Mkhalidwe wamakono wa kubwezeretsanso ma electrode a graphite ukuwonetsa kupita patsogolo komweko pakukula kwa ukadaulo ndi kukula kwa mafakitale, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kubwezeretsanso kwa graphite zinyalala kukuyembekezeka kukwera kuchokera pa 15% mu 2023 kufika pa 25% pofika chaka cha 2025. Ukadaulo wobwezeretsanso zinthu za lithiamu-ion batire wafika pamalonda, ndipo magwiridwe antchito a graphite yobwezeretsanso ndi ofanana ndi a zinthu zomwe sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito. Komabe, makampaniwa akadali ndi mavuto monga kulamulira kwa malo ogwirira ntchito ang'onoang'ono komanso kusowa kwa miyezo yaukadaulo.
I. Kupita Patsogolo kwa Ukadaulo: Kugulitsa Ukadaulo Wobwezeretsanso Mabatire a Lithium-Ion
Njira Yosalekeza Yokonzanso Kutentha Kwambiri
Makampani monga Bobang Shanhe akweza chiyero cha zinthu zotayira za graphite anode (kuphatikizapo mitundu yopangira, yachilengedwe, ndi yophatikizika) kufika pa 99.99% kudzera muukadaulo wopitilira wa graphitization. Zogulitsa za anode zosinthidwazo zimakwaniritsa magwiridwe antchito ofanana ndi zida zatsopano. Njirayi imathetsa mavuto monga kuchuluka kwa zinyalala ndi makristalo owonongeka kudzera mu kukonza kapangidwe ka microcrystalline ndi kukonza mawonekedwe a pamwamba, kupereka chithandizo chofunikira kwambiri chaukadaulo kwa makampani obwezeretsanso mabatire a lithiamu-ion.
Ndondomeko Zachuma Zozungulira Zoyendetsedwa ndi Ndondomeko
Dongosolo la Zaka Zisanu la 14 la China limasankha zinthu zapamwamba za graphite ngati cholinga chachikulu chofufuzira, ndi malipiro a inshuwaransi pakugwiritsa ntchito koyamba zinthu zatsopano zomwe zimaphatikizapo graphite yapadera komanso kupereka ndalama zothandizira mpaka RMB 30 miliyoni pa projekiti iliyonse. Pamlingo wachigawo, Weifang, Shandong, yadzikhazikitsa yokha ngati "Eastern Carbon Valley," ikusonkhanitsa mabizinesi 32 apadera a graphite ndipo yapeza phindu loposa RMB 8 biliyoni mu 2024, ndikupanga gulu la mafakitale m'chigawo.
II. Kukula kwa Mafakitale: Kukula Mwachangu kwa Mitengo Yobwezeretsanso Zinthu ndi Mphamvu
Kuwonjezeka Kwambiri kwa Mitengo Yobwezeretsanso Zinthu
Mavuto azachilengedwe akukakamiza mabizinesi kuti atsatire njira zosamalira zachilengedwe. Njira yopangira ma graphitization imapanga matani 6.8 a mpweya wa CO₂ pa tani, zomwe zimapangitsa makampani otsogola kuchepetsa mpweya woipa kudzera muukadaulo wa mphamvu zobiriwira komanso ukadaulo wogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wa carbon (CCUS) pomwe akulimbikitsa kubwezeretsanso zinyalala za graphite. Pofika chaka cha 2025, chiwerengero cha zinthu zobwezerezedwanso za graphite chikuyembekezeka kuwonjezeka kuchokera pa 15% mu 2023 kufika pa 25%, ndikukhazikitsa njira yotsekedwa ya "kupanga-kubwezeretsanso-kubwezeretsanso."
Kupititsa patsogolo Kugwiritsidwa Ntchito Kobwezeretsanso Zinthu
Bobang Shanhe wayambitsa gawo loyamba la pulojekiti yapamwamba yokonzanso zinthu ya matani 20,000 pachaka ya ma anode a graphite, pomwe CATL yayika ndalama mu mzere woyamba wopanga zinthu zambiri zobwezeretsanso zinthu za graphite anode, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwerengero chobwezeretsanso zinthu chikhale choposa 90%. Pofika chaka cha 2025, kuchuluka kwa ma anode a graphite omwe amafunika kubwezeretsanso zinthu akuyembekezeka kupitirira matani 150,000, ndi kuchuluka kwa kukula kwa pachaka (CAGR) kwa 40%, zomwe zikusonyeza kuthekera kwakukulu pamsika.
III. Mavuto a Makampani: Kulamulira kwa Ma Workshop Ang'onoang'ono ndi Kusowa kwa Miyezo
Chiwerengero Chachikulu cha Kubwezeretsanso Zinthu Zosavomerezeka
Msika wobwezeretsanso mabatire a lithiamu-ion wakhala ukulamulidwa ndi malo ogwirira ntchito ang'onoang'ono, omwe ndi 70% ya gawoli. Kugwetsa mosaloledwa kumabweretsa kutuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa (monga nickel compounds) ndi zinthu zowononga (monga hydrogen fluoride), zomwe zimaika pachiwopsezo chilengedwe ndi thanzi la anthu. Makampani obwezeretsanso ma electrode a graphite akukumana ndi mavuto ofanana, pomwe zipangizo za graphite zomwe zabwezeretsedwanso mwamwayi sizili bwino ndipo sizikwaniritsa zofunikira zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Miyezo Yaukadaulo Yosakwanira ndi Makonzedwe Olamulira
Ngakhale kuti makampani otsogola apita patsogolo pa ukadaulo, makampaniwa alibe miyezo yogwirizana yobwezeretsanso zinthu komanso njira zovomerezeka. Miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi yokhudza chilengedwe monga ya EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) imalimbikitsa kwambiri kuyika carbon footprint pa ma graphite electrodes, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yobwezeretsanso zinthu mwachangu komanso kuti makampani am'deralo akhale ndi mpikisano waukadaulo.
IV. Zochitika Zamtsogolo: Kukula Kwapamwamba, Kwanzeru, ndi Kobiriwira
Kuphatikiza Ukadaulo Kukulimbikitsa Kukonza Bwino
Ukadaulo wa mapasa a digito umathandizira kuyerekezera kwamphamvu kwa magawo azinthu ndi kulondola kopitilira 90% pakulosera zolakwika pamakina, pomwe makina osinthika amagwiritsa ntchito masensa otulutsa mawu kuti aziwunika momwe zinthu zimadulidwira nthawi yeniyeni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zolakwika zitheke bwino ndi 0.1 μm. Zatsopanozi zimachepetsa kuzungulira kwa makina ndi 20% ndikukweza kuchuluka kwa zokolola kufika pa 98%, kupereka njira zanzeru zobwezeretsanso ma electrode a graphite.
Ma Modeli Achuma Ozungulira Akukhala Odziwika
Ukadaulo wobwezeretsanso graphite kuchokera ku mabatire a lithiamu-ion omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito umapeza chiwongola dzanja chobwezeretsa 90% pamtengo wotsika ndi 30% poyerekeza ndi zinthu zomwe sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito kale. Makampani akupititsa patsogolo kuyendayenda kwa zinthu kudzera mu njira monga kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mabatire omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kubwezeretsanso mabatire omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikupanga unyolo wozungulira wa mafakitale womwe umakhala ndi "migodi ya graphite-kubwezeretsa zachilengedwe-chitukuko cha mphamvu zatsopano."
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-28-2025