Kodi njira zochiritsira fumbi la graphite ndi ma electrode otayira ndi zinyalala ndi ziti?

Njira Zochiritsira Zathunthu za Graphite Fumbi ndi Zinyalala Ma Electrode

I. Chithandizo cha Fumbi la Graphite: Kugwirizana kwa Ukadaulo Wambiri kuti Ulamulire Bwino

1. Ukadaulo Wowongolera ndi Kujambula Magwero

• Njira Yotsekedwa ndi Ma Hood Otsekedwa: Ikani ma hood otsekedwa pamalo ofunikira opangira fumbi (monga kuphwanya, kuphimba, kunyamula) ophatikizidwa ndi zosefera za thumba zogwira ntchito bwino (monga, ma electrostatic-bag composite fumbi combined conductive). Izi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa fumbi kuchokera pa 2,000–3,000 mg/m³ kufika pa kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa wa 20–30 mg/m³, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti 99% ya fumbi igwire bwino ntchito.
• Zipangizo Zochotsera Fumbi Zosaphulika: Popeza fumbi la graphite ndi lothandiza kwambiri komanso kuti limatha kuphulika mosavuta, gwiritsani ntchito zosonkhanitsira fumbi zosaphulika (monga zolekanitsa mphepo yamkuntho pamodzi ndi zosefera matumba zosaphulika) kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha kuphulika mukasakaniza ndi zinthu zomwe zimatha kuyaka.
• Njira Zosonkhanitsira Fumbi Lonyowa: Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala opopera ochokera m'madzi kuti athetse fumbi, oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pazida. Dziwani: Onetsetsani kuti zipangizo za electrode zauma (monga 60–80°C mu uvuni wa convection kwa ola limodzi) kuti mupewe kuipitsidwa ndi mafuta a dielectric.

2. Kuyeretsa ndi Kulamulira Mpweya Wotulutsa Utsi

• Njira Yoyeretsera Zinthu Zambiri: Ziziritsani utsi wotentha kwambiri kudzera mu zosinthira kutentha, kenako zimadutsa motsatizana kudzera mu cholekanitsa cha mphepo yamkuntho (cha tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono), chotsukira cha alkaline (choletsa mpweya wa acidic), ndi nsanja yoyatsira mpweya wokonzedwa (yochotsera VOC). Kutulutsa komaliza kumachitika kudzera mu utsi wa mamita 15, kuonetsetsa kuti ukutsatira malamulo aMuyezo Wotulutsa Mpweya Woipa wa Magwero Onse(GB 16297-1996).
• Kuwunika ndi Kukonza Paintaneti: Ikani masensa a tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi kuchuluka kwa VOC kuti musinthe magawo monga pH ya yankho la scrubber ndi nthawi zosinthira mpweya zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikusunga kuchuluka kwa mpweya pansi pa 120 mg/m³.

3. Njira Zothandizira Kuwongolera

• Kunyowetsa zinthu: Ikani zinthu zoletsa fumbi (monga njira ya polyacrylamide) m'madamu osungiramo miyala ndi m'madambo, kusunga chinyezi pamwamba pa 6-8% kuti muchepetse fumbi lothawa.
• Kusamalira Zipangizo ndi Chitetezo cha Ogwira Ntchito: Tsukani matumba osefera nthawi zonse, yang'anani zotsekera za mapaipi, ndikupatsa ogwiritsa ntchito zida zopumira za N95 ndi zovala zosapsa fumbi kuti muchepetse kukhudzana ndi ntchito.

II. Chithandizo cha Zinyalala za Graphite Electrode: Kulinganiza Kubwezeretsa Zinthu ndi Kutaya Zachilengedwe

1. Chithandizo Chamthupi Pamaso

• Kusankha ndi Kuyeretsa: Gawani ma electrode m'magulu malinga ndi mtundu (monga mphamvu yokhazikika, mphamvu yayikulu), chotsani mafuta pamwamba ndi zinyalala zachitsulo, ndikuyeretsa pogwiritsa ntchito makina opanga ma ultrasonic (40 kHz frequency) kwa mphindi 10-15.
• Kuphwanya ndi Kuwunika: Gwiritsani ntchito zotsukira nsagwada kuti muchepetse ma electrode kufika pa tinthu ta ≤50 mm, kenako sefani pogwiritsa ntchito zotchingira zogwedezeka. Sungani tinthu ta 5–50 mm kuti mupange ma electrode obwezeretsedwanso.

2. Kuyeretsa ndi Kukonzanso Mankhwala

• Kutenthetsa Tinthu Totentha Kwambiri: Tenthetsani tinthu tating'onoting'ono mu uvuni wa graphitization pa 2,800–3,000°C kwa maola 4–6 kuti muchotse zinthu zodetsa (monga sulfure, nayitrogeni), kukweza mpweya wokhazikika kufika pa ≥99.5%.
• Kutulutsa Asidi Pochotsa Zodetsa: Imwani tinthu tophwanyika mu 15–20% hydrochloric acid pa 80–90°C kwa maola awiri kuti muchotse zodetsa zina za aluminiyamu, chitsulo, ndi zitsulo zina. Chotsani filtrate musanatulutse.

3. Kubwezeretsanso Ma Electrode Opangidwa Mwapadera a Alloy

• Kupatukana kwa Platinum-Iridium Electrode: Pa ma electrode a kalasi yachipatala okhala ndi ma alloy a platinum-iridium, sungunulani platinum mu aqua regia (80°C kwa maola atatu). Chotsani iridium kudzera mu electrolysis ya mchere wosungunuka (NaCl-KCl system pa 700°C) ndikuyeretsa zonse ziwiri kufika pa 99.99% kuyera pogwiritsa ntchito zone melting.
• Kukonzanso Ma Electrode Ochokera ku Mkuwa: Kuphwanya ma electrode a mkuwa ndi grafiti, patulani graphite (kuchuluka: 1.8–2.1 g/cm³) ndi ufa wa mkuwa (kuchuluka: 8.9 g/cm³) kudzera mu flotation, ndikuyeretsa ufa wa mkuwa kukhala mkuwa woyera kwambiri kudzera mu electrolysis (kuchuluka kwamakono: 200 A/m²).

III. Kusanthula kwa Ukadaulo ndi Zachuma ndi Maphunziro a Mlandu wa Makampani

1. Kuyerekeza Mtengo ndi Phindu

• Zosefera za Matumba: Ndalama zoyambira: ~¥500,000; mtengo wogwirira ntchito: ¥0.2/m³ ya mpweya wotulutsa utsi. Yoyenera makampani akuluakulu a graphite electrode (kuchuluka kwa utsi wa pachaka ≥100,000 m³).
• Njira Zosonkhanitsira Fumbi Lonyowa: Ndalama zogulira zida: ¥200,000; mtengo wa yankho lochokera m'madzi: ¥0.5/tani ya madzi otayira. Ndibwino kwambiri pa malo ogwirira ntchito ang'onoang'ono mpaka apakati.
• Kukonzanso Ma Electrode Otayidwa: Tani iliyonse imapanga graphite yokwana 850 kg (mtengo wa ¥3,000) ndi zitsulo zokwana 150 kg (mtengo wa ¥5,000), zomwe zimapangitsa ndalama zonse zokwana ¥8,000. Nthawi yobwezera ndalama: zaka 1.5–2.

2. Maphunziro a Nkhani Zamakampani

• Kampani Yotsogola ya Graphite Electrode: Yagwiritsa ntchito njira ya “静电袋式除尘器 (electrostatic-bag filter) + activated carbon adsorption tower”, kuchepetsa mpweya woipa kuchokera pa 2,000 mg/m³ kufika pa 15 mg/m³ ndikuchotsa VOC ndi 95%. Chindapusa cha pachaka cha chilengedwe chachepetsedwa ndi ¥2 miliyoni.
• Chipinda Chobwezeretsanso Ma Electrode a Zachipatala: Ma alloy a platinum-iridium omwe adabwezeretsedwanso kukhala oyera 99.99% kudzera mu electrolysis ya mchere wosungunuka, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji popanga pacemaker. Tasunga ¥1.2 miliyoni pa tani imodzi ya ma electrode otayira zinyalala pamtengo wa zinthu zopangira.

IV. Malangizo a Ndondomeko ndi Malamulo

• Miyezo Yotulutsa Utsi: Tsatirani malamulo aMuyezo Wotulutsa Zinthu Zoyipitsa wa Graphite Makampani(GB 31573-2015), kulamula kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono totulutsa mpweya tituluke ≤30 mg/m³ ndi ma VOC ≤100 mg/m³.
• Zolimbikitsa Kubwezeretsa Zinthu: Limbikitsani kugwiritsa ntchitoKufotokozera kwaukadaulo kwa ma electrode obwezeretsanso zinyalala za graphite(GB/T 35164-2017) ndi zolimbikitsa msonkho (monga, kubweza 70% ya VAT pazinthu zobwezerezedwanso za graphite).
• Malamulo a Chitetezo: TsatiraniKhodi Yotetezera Kuphulika kwa Fumbi(GB 15577-2018), kufunikira zipangizo zothandizira kuphulika (kupanikizika: 0.01–0.02 MPa) ndi kuwunika kwa nthawi ndi nthawi kwa electrostatic grounding systems kuti achotse fumbi.