Ma electrode a graphite awonetsa mwayi waukulu wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano, monga mabatire a sodium-ion ndi mabatire olimba. Kapangidwe kawo kokhazikika komanso ka mankhwala komanso kapangidwe kake ka magawo osiyanasiyana zimathandiza kwambiri pakukweza magwiridwe antchito a batire. Pakadali pano, amatha kulimbitsa chitetezo m'mabatire olimba ndikukulitsa malo ogwiritsira ntchito kudzera mukusintha kwaukadaulo m'mabatire a sodium-ion.
I. Mabatire Olimba: Ubwino wa graphite ngati anode ndi kukhazikika komanso chitetezo
Kapangidwe ka zigawo zimaletsa kupangidwa kwa lithiamu dendrites
Kapangidwe ka kristalo ka graphite kamatha kutsogolera bwino kusakanikirana kofanana ndi kuchotsedwa kwa ma ayoni a lithiamu, kupewa chiopsezo cha short-circuit chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi ma dendrites kulowa mu separator, ndikukweza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito achitetezo a mabatire olimba. Khalidweli limapangitsa graphite kukhala imodzi mwa njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu za anode m'mabatire olimba.
Kukhazikika kwa mankhwala KUMAGWIRIZANA NDI madera ovuta kwambiri
Mabatire olimba amagwiritsa ntchito ma electrolyte olimba m'malo mwa ma electrolyte amadzimadzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kugwire ntchito kukhale kwakukulu komanso mphamvu zambiri. Graphite imatha kusunga kukhazikika kwa kapangidwe kake m'malo otentha kwambiri komanso opanikizika kwambiri, kuonetsetsa kuti mabatire amakhala ndi moyo wautali komanso kukwaniritsa zofunikira zodalirika za makina osungira mphamvu.
Kuthekera kwa kubwerezabwereza kwaukadaulo
Mwa kukonza njira yokonzekera (monga nanorization ndi surface covering), kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndi mphamvu ya graphite anodes zitha kuwonjezeredwa. Mwachitsanzo, silicon-carbon anodes zophatikizidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi silicon zapanga zinthu zambiri, ndi mphamvu yapadera yoposa nthawi 3 mpaka 5 kuposa ya graphite yachikhalidwe, motero kukhala njira yofunika kwambiri yothetsera mavuto amphamvu kwambiri m'mabatire olimba.
Mabatire a Sodium-ion: Kupita Patsogolo kwa Ukadaulo ndi Ubwino wa Graphite Anodes
Kupanga zinthu zatsopano mu njira yolumikizirana kwa sodium ion
Malingaliro achikhalidwe amanena kuti mtunda wa pakati pa zigawo za graphite (pafupifupi 0.335nm) sungakwaniritse ma sodium ion (okhala ndi mainchesi a 0.36nm), koma kafukufuku waposachedwapa wapeza kusintha kwa ma sodium ion mwa kukulitsa mtunda wa pakati pa zigawo za graphite kudzera mu milling ya mpira kapena pogwiritsa ntchito sodium-oxide compounds kuti apange ma block reactions. Kupambana kumeneku kwatsegula njira yatsopano yogwiritsira ntchito graphite m'mabatire a sodium-ion.
Mtengo ndi ubwino wa zinthu
Dziko lapansi lili ndi malo osungiramo graphite ambiri ndipo limafalikira kwambiri. China ili ndi zoposa 60% ya mphamvu zonse zopangira padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo mtengo wa zipangizo zopangira ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa wa lithiamu. Ngati mabatire a sodium-ion agwiritsa ntchito ma graphite anode, izi zitha kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama za mabatire ndikufulumizitsa njira yawo yogulitsira m'magawo monga kusungira mphamvu ndi magalimoto amagetsi othamanga pang'ono.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolimba za kaboni pamodzi
Mpweya wolimba wakhala chinthu chodziwika bwino cha anode cha mabatire a sodium-ion chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kosakhazikika komanso mtunda waukulu pakati pa zigawo, koma uli ndi mavuto a kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito komanso mtengo wokwera. Kuphatikiza kwa graphite ndi carbon wolimba kumatha kulinganiza magwiridwe antchito ndi mtengo. Mwachitsanzo, ukadaulo wa carbon wolimba wokhala ndi phula umapereka njira yabwino kwambiri ya anode ya mabatire a sodium-ion powonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi, kuchepetsa kukana kwamkati, komanso kukonza kukhazikika kwa kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kake.
III. Zoyambitsa Msika ndi Kapangidwe ka Mafakitale
Kufunika kwa mphamvu zatsopano kwakula kwambiri
Kugulitsa magalimoto atsopano padziko lonse lapansi kwakhala kukukwera nthawi zonse, ndipo kufunikira kwa mabatire amoyo wautali komanso otsika mtengo m'makina osungira mphamvu kwakwera kwambiri, zomwe zikuchititsa kuti msika wa zinthu za anode za batri ya lithiamu-ion ukule. Kutulutsa kwa zinthu za anode padziko lonse lapansi kukuyembekezeka kufika matani 2.625 miliyoni mu 2025, pakati pawo graphite ndi yoposa 98%, kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'munda watsopano wamagetsi.
Zosungira zaukadaulo zamabizinesi ndi kukulitsa mphamvu
Shanshan Co., Ltd. ikulimbikitsa kupanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi silicon mochuluka. Ma anode olimba a carbon amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mabatire a lithiamu, mabatire a sodium-ion ndi mabatire olimba pang'ono. Mphamvu yopangira yomwe yapangidwa ndi matani 1,000 ndipo mphamvu yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi matani 40,000.
Yicheng New Energy: Podalira ubwino wa gululi mu haidrojeni, kaboni ndi silikoni, lamanga dongosolo la mafakitale la "zipangizo zapamwamba za kaboni + kuphatikiza kosungiramo zinthu kuchokera ku gridi". Kampani yake yocheperako, Kaifeng Carbon, ili ndi gawo la msika wakunja loposa 30% la chinthu chake chotsogola, ma electrode a UHPΦ 600-700mm graphite, omwe ali pamwamba kwambiri mumakampaniwa.
Catl ndi BTR: Pamodzi pangani zipangizo za graphite anode zokhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kuti ziwonjezere kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya batri ndi moyo wa nthawi yozungulira, ndikulimbitsa malo awo otsogola muukadaulo.
Ndondomeko ndi miyezo zikutsogolera kukweza mafakitale
China yatulutsa zikalata za mfundo monga "Zomwe Zili M'malamulo Oyendetsera Makampani a Graphite" ndi "Pulani Yopangira Makampani Atsopano a Magalimoto Amagetsi", zomwe zikulimbikitsa kusintha kwa makampaniwa kupita ku chitukuko chapamwamba, chanzeru komanso chobiriwira. Mabizinesi amakulitsa mphamvu zawo zolankhulana zaukadaulo komanso mpikisano wamsika kudzera mu kuphatikizana kwathunthu (monga kukhazikitsa mphamvu zodzipangira zokha za needle coke) komanso kutenga nawo mbali popanga miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi (monga miyezo yoyesera ma electrode a graphite a ISO).
Iv. Zochitika ndi Mavuto a M'tsogolo
Kuphatikiza ukadaulo ndi kupanga zinthu zatsopano
Kufufuza ndi kupanga zinthu za graphene ndi electrode mogwirizana, komanso kukonza bwino ma electrolyte olimba ndi graphite anode, kudzakhala chinsinsi chothetsa vuto la kuchuluka kwa mphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, mabatire okhala ndi graphene amatha kukulitsa liwiro la magalimoto ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira zamagalimoto apamwamba.
Kuteteza chilengedwe ndi chitukuko chokhazikika
Kuchuluka kwa fumbi la graphite kuyenera kukwezedwa kufika pa 99.9%, ndipo ukadaulo wopanga mphamvu zotenthetsera pogwiritsa ntchito calcination ukhoza kubweza 35% ya mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mabizinesi akuyenera kumanga njira yotsekedwa ya "kupanga - kubwezeretsanso - kukonzanso" kuti igwirizane ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi yoteteza chilengedwe monga msonkho wa kaboni wa EU.
Kuwonjezeka kwa misika yatsopano
Kudzera mu "Belt and Road Initiative", makampani opanga ma graphite aku China atumiza ukadaulo wawo ku Southeast Asia, Africa ndi madera ena, ndikukhazikitsa maziko opangira zinthu m'deralo kuti apewe zopinga zamalonda. Mwachitsanzo, maziko opangira zinthu zopangira ma graphite anode akumangidwa ku Malaysia kuti akwaniritse zosowa za magalimoto atsopano amagetsi m'deralo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-22-2025