Kodi mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso zomwe zimakhudza chilengedwe ndi ziti popanga graphitized petroleum coke?

Kusanthula kwa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Kwambiri ndi Zotsatira Zachilengedwe Pakupanga Graphitized Petroleum Coke

I. Njira Zazikulu Zogwiritsira Ntchito Mphamvu

1. Chithandizo cha Graphitization Yotentha Kwambiri
   Kuyika magetsi pa graphitization ndiye njira yofunika kwambiri, yomwe imafuna kutentha kufika pa 2,800–3,000°C kuti isinthe kaboni wosagwiritsa ntchito graphite mu petroleum coke kukhala kapangidwe ka kristalo ka graphite. Gawoli limagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, ndipo ng'anjo zachikhalidwe za Acheson zimadya 6,000–8,000 kWh pa tani imodzi yamagetsi. Ng'anjo zatsopano zokhazikika zoyima zimachepetsa izi kufika pa 3,000–4,000 kWh pa tani imodzi, ngakhale kuti ndalama zamagetsi zimakhalabe 50%–60% ya ndalama zonse zopangira.
2. Kutentha ndi Kuziziritsa Kwa Nthawi Yaitali
   Machitidwe achikhalidwe amatenga masiku 5-7 pa gulu lililonse, pomwe ng'anjo zatsopano zimafupikitsa izi kufika maola 24-48. Komabe, kuziziritsa kumafunabe maola 480 a kuziziritsa kwachilengedwe kwa mpweya wosagwedezeka. Kuyamba ntchito za ng'anjo pafupipafupi komanso kuzimitsa moto kumapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya kutentha iwonongeke, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuwonjezere.
3. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu mu Njira Zothandizira
   • Kuphwanya ndi Kupera: Petroleum coke iyenera kuphwanyidwa mpaka kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta 10–20 mm, ndipo kuperako kumatenga mphamvu zamagetsi zambiri.
   • Kuyeretsa (Kutsuka ndi Asidi): Mankhwala ophera tizilombo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa zinyalala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ikhale yovuta popanda kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi mwachindunji.
   • Chitetezo cha Gasi: Mpweya wopanda mphamvu monga argon kapena nayitrogeni umaperekedwa nthawi zonse kuti uteteze kusungunuka kwa okosijeni, zomwe zimafuna kuti zipangizo zoperekera mpweya zizigwira ntchito nthawi zonse.

II. Kusanthula Zotsatira za Kuchilengedwe

1. Kutulutsa mpweya woipa
   • Gawo Lotsika la Kutentha (Kutentha kwa Chipinda–1,200°C): Calcium oxide (CaO) mu filler material (calcined petroleum coke) imachitapo kanthu ndi carbon kuti ipange carbon monoxide (CO2), pomwe kutentha kumawononga kumapanga methane (CH₄) ndi mpweya wina wa hydrocarbon.
   • Gawo Lotentha Kwambiri (1,200–2,800°C): Sulfure, phulusa, ndi zinthu zosinthasintha zimawola, zomwe zimapangitsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi sulfur dioxide (SO₂). Popanda chithandizo chogwira mtima, mpweya wa SO₂ umathandizira mvula ya asidi, pomwe tinthu tating'onoting'ono timawononga mpweya wabwino.
   • Njira Zochepetsera Mavuto: Kuphatikiza kwa zolekanitsa mphepo yamkuntho, zotsukira za alkaline za magawo atatu, ndi zosefera za thumba la zikwama kumatsimikizira kuti mpweya woipa womwe wakonzedwa ukugwirizana ndi miyezo yovomerezeka.
2. Madzi Otayira ndi Zinyalala Zolimba
   • Madzi Otayidwa: Kutsuka ndi asidi kumapanga madzi otayidwa ndi asidi omwe amafunika kuchepetsedwa mphamvu, pomwe madzi ozizira a zida amakhala ndi zinthu zodetsa mafuta zomwe zimafunika kulekanitsidwa ndi kubwezeretsedwa.
   • Zinyalala Zolimba: Zipangizo zodzaza zomwe zili ndi chivundikiro cholimba komanso zosalimba zimayikidwa m'matumba kuti zigulitsidwe kapena kutaya zinyalala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthaka isawonongeke ngati sizisamalidwe bwino.
3. Kuipitsidwa kwa Fumbi
   Fumbi limapangidwa panthawi yoponda, kuyeretsa, ndi kuyeretsa uvuni. Popanda njira zosonkhanitsira zinthu zomwe zili mkati, zimaika thanzi la ogwira ntchito pachiwopsezo komanso zimaipitsa chilengedwe.
   Njira Zowongolera: Fumbi limagwidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina opopera, ma hood, ndi zosefera za thumba la zikwama lisanatulutsidwe kudzera mu utsi wotuluka.
4. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zinthu ndi Mpweya Woipa
   • Madzi: Madzi ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito poziziritsa ndi kuyeretsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi azichulukirachulukira m'madera ouma.
   • Kapangidwe ka Mphamvu: Kudalira magetsi ochokera ku mafuta opangidwa ndi zinthu zakale kumabweretsa mpweya wa CO₂. Mwachitsanzo, kupanga tani imodzi ya ma electrode a graphite kumadya matani 1.17 a malasha wamba, zomwe zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa carbon.

III. Njira Zothanirana ndi Mabizinesi

1. Kukweza Ukadaulo
   • Limbikitsani ng'anjo zatsopano zoyima mosalekeza kuti zifupikitse kayendedwe ka magetsi ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu (magetsi amatsika kufika pa 3,500 kWh pa tani).
   • Gwiritsani ntchito ukadaulo wa microwave graphitization kuti mutenthetse mwachangu kwambiri (
2. Kulamulira Zachilengedwe
   • Kukonza Mpweya Wotayira: Kutulutsa mpweya woyaka pa kutentha kochepa ndipo gwiritsani ntchito zosonkhanitsa zotsekedwa ndi kuyeretsa magawo ambiri pa kutentha kwakukulu.
   • Kubwezeretsanso Madzi Otayidwa: Gwiritsani ntchito njira zobwezeretsanso madzi kuti muchepetse kumwa madzi abwino.
   • Kukonzanso Zinyalala Zolimba: Kugwiritsanso ntchito zinthu zosakwanira monga zowonjezerera zitsulo m'mafakitale achitsulo.
3. Ndondomeko ndi Mgwirizano wa Mafakitale
   • Tsatirani malamulo mongaLamulo Loletsa ndi Kuletsa Kuipitsidwa kwa MpweyandiLamulo Loletsa ndi Kuletsa Kuipitsidwa kwa Madzikuti akwaniritse miyezo yokhwima yokhudza utsi wotulutsa mpweya.
   • Patulani patsogolo mapulojekiti ophatikizana a anode pomanga mphamvu zojambulira mkati mwa nyumba kuti muchepetse kudalira ogulitsa akunja ndikuchepetsa kuipitsa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mayendedwe.

IV. Mapeto

Kupanga mafuta a coke opangidwa ndi graphitized ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zambiri komanso yoipitsa, ndipo mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi graphitization yotentha kwambiri komanso zotsatira zachilengedwe zomwe zimaphatikizapo mpweya wotayira, madzi, zinyalala zolimba, ndi kuipitsa fumbi. Makampaniwa akuchepetsa zotsatirazi kudzera mu kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo (monga uvuni wopitilira, kutentha kwa microwave), kayendetsedwe ka chilengedwe (kuyeretsa magawo ambiri, kubwezeretsanso zinthu), ndi kulinganiza mfundo (miyezo yotulutsa mpweya, kupanga kophatikizana). Komabe, kukonza kosalekeza kwa kapangidwe ka mphamvu—monga kuphatikiza magetsi obwezerezedwanso—kukadali kofunikira kwambiri kuti pakhale chitukuko chokhazikika.