Zipangizo zatsopano za graphite electrode zasintha kwambiri pakupanga makina, kutentha, kukhazikika kwa mankhwala, komanso kuthekera kokonza zinthu. Poyimiridwa ndi graphite yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wa kaboni ndi graphite ya isostatic, magwiridwe antchito awo akuluakulu ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito ndi awa:
I. Graphite Yolimbikitsidwa ndi Ulusi wa Carbon: Kusintha Kwambiri kwa Kapangidwe ka Makina
1. Mphamvu ndi Kuchuluka kwa Modulus
Mwa kuyika graphene yochepa (0.075 wt%) mu ulusi wa kaboni wa PAN, mphamvu yawo yolumikizira imafika 1916 MPa, ndipo modulus ya Young imafika 233 GPa, zomwe zikuyimira kuwonjezeka kwa 225% ndi 184%, motsatana, poyerekeza ndi ulusi wa kaboni wa PAN wokha. Kupambana kumeneku kumachokera ku kukonza bwino kwa graphene kwa kapangidwe ka ulusi wa kaboni:
- Kuchepa kwa porosity: Kuwonjezera kwa graphene kumachepetsa kwambiri kukula kwa ma pores amkati ndi voids mkati mwa ulusi, pafupifupi kuchotsa ma axial micropores pamlingo wapamwamba (0.1 wt%), motero kuchepetsa malo opsinjika.
- Kapangidwe ka graphite kokonzedwa: Raman spectroscopy imasonyeza kuti ma nanosheet a graphene ali ozunguliridwa ndi kapangidwe ka graphite komwe kamapangidwa panthawi ya PAN carbonization, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti graphite lattice ikhale yokwanira komanso yopanda zolakwika zambiri komanso mawonekedwe abwino a kristalo.
2. Zochitika Zowonjezera Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito
- Ndege: Zopangidwa ndi graphite zolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wa kaboni, zokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa 60% kuposa kwa aluminiyamu komanso kuthekera kopangidwa ngati chidutswa chimodzi (kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zomangira), zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzinthu zomangira ndege (monga, 50% yogwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zomangira mu Boeing B-787), matupi a magalimoto oyambitsa, ndi magawo a satellite.
- Kupanga zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri: Kukana kwawo kuchotsedwa kwa mpweya kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunika kwambiri pa nozzles za injini za rocket, nyumba za nyukiliya reactor, ndi malo ena ovuta kwambiri.
II. Isostatic Graphite: Kupambana Kwambiri Pazinthu Zambiri
1. Katundu wa Makina: Kuposa Zitsulo Zachikhalidwe
- Mphamvu yayikulu ndi isotropy: Kudzera mu kukanikiza kwa isostatic, mphamvu yake yolimba imaposa 1000 MPa (yoposa zitsulo wamba), yokhala ndi chiŵerengero cha isotropy cha 1.0–1.1, kuchotsa zolakwika za anisotropic za graphite yachikhalidwe.
- Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndi kukana kuwonongeka: Ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya 1.95 g/cm³, mphamvu yopindika yopitirira 80 MPa, komanso mphamvu yopondereza kuyambira 200–260 MPa, ndi yoyenera kupanga ma brake pads, ma seal, ndi ma bearing othamanga kwambiri.
2. Katundu wa Kutentha: Kukhazikika Munthawi Zovuta Kwambiri
- Kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri: Mumlengalenga wopanda mpweya, mphamvu yake ya makina imafika pa 2500°C, pomwe kutentha kumasungunuka kufika pa 3650°C ndipo kutentha kumawira kufika pa 4827°C. Kuchuluka kwake kochepa kwa kutentha kumachepetsa kusintha kwa mawonekedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ma electrode oyaka a rocket, ma nozzles, ndi zida zina zotentha kwambiri.
- Kutentha kwambiri: Kutentha kwake kwabwino kwambiri kumathandiza kuti kutentha kusungunuke mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zipangizo zizigwira bwino ntchito, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi zinthu za CZ-type single-crystal direct-pull furnace thermal field components (crucibles, heaters).
3. Kukhazikika kwa Mankhwala: Kukana dzimbiri ndi Kukana kwa okosijeni
Imakhazikikabe mu ma asidi amphamvu, ma alkali, ndi zinthu zosungunulira zachilengedwe, zomwe zimaletsa kuwonongeka kwa zitsulo zosungunuka ndi magalasi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabotolo a mankhwala, nyumba zapakati pa reactor ya nyukiliya, ndi malo ena owononga.
4. Kuthekera Kokonza Zinthu: Kusinthasintha ndi Kulondola
Ikhoza kupangidwa mu mawonekedwe aliwonse kuti ikwaniritse zofunikira pakupanga, monga ma electrode opangira magetsi ndi ma graphite molds kuti ipange zitsulo mosalekeza.
III. Kukula kwa Mafakitale ndi Malangizo a Mtsogolo a Zipangizo Zatsopano za Graphite Electrode
1. Kupita Patsogolo kwa Zamalonda
- Graphite yosasunthika: Msika wake wapadziko lonse ukupitirira kukwera, ndi kukulirakulira kwa mphamvu ku Indonesia ndi Morocco zomwe zikulimbitsa kwambiri malo ake mumakampani.
- Graphite yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wa kaboni: Yagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndi makasitomala otsogola padziko lonse lapansi ndipo ikutsogolera kukulitsa muyezo woyamba wapadziko lonse lapansi,Kufotokozera Kwatsatanetsatane Kopanda Malo pa Zida za Nano-Silicon Anode za Mabatire a Lithium-Ion.
2. Kupita patsogolo kwa Ukadaulo wa Zamakono
- Kukonza bwino zinthu zopangira: Kuchepetsa kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta aggregate (monga, kudzera mu kusintha kwa ufa wa coke kukhala 2–5 μm) kuti tiwonjezere mphamvu za makina.
- Kupanga ukadaulo wa graphitization: Ukadaulo wa microwave graphitization umachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi 30% ndipo umafupikitsa nthawi yopangira, zomwe zimathandiza kuti anthu ambiri azigwiritsa ntchito.
- Kupanga zinthu mwatsopano: Mwachitsanzo, ma anode a graphite okhala ndi ma gradient awiri amakhala ndi mphamvu yochaja mwachangu kwa mphindi 6, 60% pomwe amakhala ndi mphamvu ya ≥230 Wh/kg kudzera mu kugawa kwa ma gradient awiriawiri a kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi ma porosity.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-31-2025