Chifukwa cha kukula kwachangu kwa mafakitale padziko lonse lapansi, ufa wa graphite waonedwa ngati chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zopangira mchere m'mafakitale kunyumba ndi kunja. Makamaka m'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo, graphite yakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.
Mu mafakitale, miyala ya graphite imagawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu: miyala ya crystalline graphite ndi miyala ya crystalline graphite yokhazikika. Miyala ya crystalline graphite imatha kugawidwanso m'magulu awiri: yopindika ndi yokhuthala.
Ma graphite opangidwa ku China makamaka ndi a mtundu wa crystalline wosakhazikika, kutsatiridwa ndi mtundu wa cryptocrystalline. Graphite wokhuthala wa crystalline umapezeka m'malo ochepa okha monga ku Tokbula ku Xinjiang ndipo uli ndi phindu lochepa m'mafakitale.
Graphite ya mafakitale imasunga mphamvu zoyambirira za graphite ya flake, zomwe ndi kukana asidi, kukana dzimbiri ndi mphamvu zakuthupi, komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri ndi kotsika. Mphamvu yake yopondereza ndi yoposa 800kg/cm², ndipo imakana okosijeni. Imataya 1% ya kulemera kwake mu mpweya wa 450℃ ndipo imakhala ndi rebound rate ya 15-50%. Imakhalanso ndi mphamvu yamphamvu kwambiri yodzipaka mafuta ngati ufa wa graphite. Chifukwa chake, graphite yagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu metallurgy, chemical engineering, petrochemicals, high-energy physics, aerospace, electronics ndi zina.
Pogwiritsa ntchito luso la graphite, anthu apanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana mwanzeru malinga ndi zosowa za uinjiniya, monga graphite yoyera kwambiri, graphite yosinthasintha, graphite yophatikizika, ndi zina zotero. Kuti igwire bwino ntchito, graphite imaphatikizidwa ndi ulusi, mawaya achitsulo a graphite, ma meshes achitsulo ndi mbale zopangira zitsulo kuti apange graphite ya ufa wa graphite, yomwe imawonjezera mphamvu ndi kusinthasintha kwake.
Graphite yopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri imapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito utomoni wozizira kapena wotentha, ndipo imagwirizanitsidwa ndi ma resin, rabara zopangidwa ndi mapulasitiki. Palinso graphite yamadzimadzi ndi graphite yamadzimadzi.
Graphite imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana, monga kutseka, kukana kutentha, kukana dzimbiri, kuyendetsa magetsi, kusunga kutentha, kukana kupanikizika, kukana kuwonongeka ndi kukana okosijeni, zomwe zakopa chidwi cha akatswiri ambiri m'nyumba ndi kunja. Zachidziwikire, graphite ikulowanso mwakachetechete m'maofesi amakono. Mwachitsanzo, fakitale yosungiramo zinthu zakale ku Jiangxi Province imagwiritsa ntchito graphite kuti ikule ndikuikonza kukhala mapepala ozungulira otetezedwa ndi tizilombo omwe ali ndi mphamvu inayake yoyamwa mankhwala ndipo amatha kukhalabe ndi mphamvu kwa chaka chimodzi.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kochepa kwa graphite komanso kuthekera kwake kupirira kusintha kwa kutentha mwachangu, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati nkhungu ya magalasi. Mukagwiritsa ntchito graphite, zinthu zopangidwa kuchokera ku zitsulo zachitsulo zimakhala ndi miyeso yolondola, malo osalala, komanso zokolola zambiri. Zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanda kapena ndi kukonza pang'ono, motero zimasunga chitsulo chochuluka. Pakupanga njira zopangira zitsulo za ufa monga zitsulo zolimba, maboti ndi mbale zotsukira zotsutsana ndi kupanikizika nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi zinthu za graphite. Kuphatikiza apo, graphite ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati vacuum smelting graphite insulation plates ndi bases, komanso zigawo monga machubu a ng'anjo okana kutentha kwambiri, ndodo, mbale, ndi zipinda.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-21-2025