Cnooc (Qingdao) Heavy Oil Processing Engineering Technology Research Center Co., LTD
Tekinoloje Yokonza Zida, Kutulutsidwa 32, 2021
Chidziwitso: Kukula kosalekeza kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo waku China kwalimbikitsa chitukuko cha magawo osiyanasiyana a anthu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zalimbikitsanso mphamvu zathu zachuma ndi mphamvu za dziko lonse. Monga gawo lofunikira pakupanga zitsulo zozungulira, coke ya singano imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga ma electrode a graphite. Zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga zinthu za batri ya lithiamu, komanso makampani opanga mphamvu za nyukiliya ndi minda ya ndege. Ndi kukwezeleza maziko a sayansi ndi teknoloji, kukhathamiritsa mosalekeza ndi kusintha kwa ukadaulo wa ng'anjo yamagetsi yamagetsi kwalimbikitsidwa, ndipo miyezo yofananira ndi zofunika za singano coke mu kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndi kupanga zakhala zikusinthidwa nthawi zonse, kuti kutsatira zofunikira za chitukuko cha chikhalidwe cha anthu. Chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana zopangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga, singano coke imagawidwa m'magulu amafuta ndi makala amoto. Malinga ndi zotsatira zenizeni za ntchito, zitha kuwoneka kuti petroleum angapo singano coke imakhala ndi mphamvu zama mankhwala kuposa mndandanda wamakala. Mu pepalali, tikuphunzira momwe msika wamafuta akugwirira ntchito komanso zovuta pakufufuza ndi kupanga ukadaulo wofunikira, ndikuwunika zovuta pakupanga kakulidwe komanso zovuta zokhudzana ndiukadaulo wa singano ya petroleum.
I. Chiyambi
Needle coke imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga ma elekitirodi a graphite. Kuchokera pazomwe zikuchitika masiku ano, maiko otukuka akunja monga United States ndi Japan adayamba kale kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndi kupanga singano ya singano, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje oyenerera kwakhala okhwima, ndipo adziwa luso lazopangapanga loyambira. petroleum singano coke. Poyerekeza, kafukufuku wodziyimira pawokha komanso kupanga singano pamafuta amafuta kumayamba mochedwa. Koma ndikukula kosalekeza kwachuma chathu chamsika, kulimbikitsa kukulirakulira kwa magawo osiyanasiyana amakampani, kafukufuku ndi kakulidwe ka singano pazakudya zamafuta zakhala zikuyenda bwino m'zaka zaposachedwa, pozindikira kupanga mafakitale. Komabe, pali mipata ina mu khalidwe ndi ntchito zotsatira poyerekeza ndi katundu kunja.Choncho, m'pofunika kufotokoza momveka bwino msika chitukuko chitukuko ndi mavuto luso mu dongosolo mafuta.
Ii. Kuyamba ndi kusanthula kagwiritsidwe ntchito kaukadaulo wa singano ya petroleum coke
(1) Kusanthula kwa chitukuko chamakono cha petroleum singano coke kunyumba ndi kunja
Tekinoloje ya singano ya petroleum idachokera ku United States m'ma 1950s. Koma dziko lathu ndi lotseguka
Kafukufuku waukadaulo ndi kupanga mafuta a petroleum needling coke adayamba kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980. Mothandizidwa ndi mfundo za dziko pa kafukufuku waukadaulo ndi chitukuko, mabungwe ofufuza aku China adayamba kuyesa mayeso osiyanasiyana amafuta a petroleum needling coke ndikufufuza mosalekeza ndikufufuza njira zosiyanasiyana zoyesera. Kuphatikiza apo, m'zaka za m'ma 1990, dziko lathu lamaliza kafukufuku wambiri woyeserera pakukonzekera makina a petroleum okhazikika pa singano, ndikufunsira ukadaulo wovomerezeka wa patent. M'zaka zaposachedwa, mothandizidwa ndi mfundo zofunikira za dziko, ambiri a Academy of Sciences apakhomo ndi mabizinesi okhudzana nawo adayikapo ndalama pakufufuza ndi chitukuko ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko cha kupanga ndi kupanga mkati mwamakampani. Kafufuzidwe ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo wa singano-coke wa petroleum ukukulanso mosalekeza. Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndikuti pali kufunikira kwakukulu kwapakhomo kwa petroleum needle-coke. Komabe, kafukufuku wapakhomo ndi chitukuko ndi kupanga sizingakwaniritse zofuna za msika, gawo lalikulu la msika wapakhomo limakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja. Poganizira zomwe zikuchitika masiku ano, ngakhale kuyang'ana komwe kulipo komanso chidwi cha kafukufuku waukadaulo wa singano wa petroleum ndi chitukuko ndi kupanga zikuchulukirachulukira, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kafukufuku waukadaulo ndi chitukuko, pali zovuta zina zomwe zimapanga kafukufuku waukadaulo woyenera. ndi zolepheretsa chitukuko, zomwe zimabweretsa kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa dziko lathu ndi mayiko otukuka.
(2) Kusanthula kwaukadaulo wamabizinesi apanyumba amafuta a singano a coke
Kutengera kusanthula kwa zoweta ndi zakunja mankhwala khalidwe ndi zotsatira ntchito, tingaone kuti kusiyana pakati pa khalidwe la petroleum singano coke makamaka chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa mitundu iwiri ya matenthedwe kukula coefficient ndi tinthu kukula kugawa, amene. zikuwonetsa kusiyana kwamtundu wazinthu [1]. Kusiyana kwa khalidweli kumayambitsidwa makamaka ndi zovuta zopanga popanga. Kuphatikizidwa ndi njira yeniyeni yopangira ndi njira zomwe zili ndi petroleum singano coke, ukadaulo wake wapakatikati umakhala wa pretreatment level of materials. Pakadali pano, Shanxi Hongte Chemical Co., LTD., Sinosteel (Anshan) ndi Jinzhou Petrochemical okha ndi omwe adazindikira kupanga kwakukulu. Mosiyana ndi izi, Jinzhou Petrochemical Company kupanga ndi kupanga makina a petroleum singano coke ndi okhwima, mphamvu processing wa chipangizo mosalekeza bwino, ndi zinthu zogwirizana opangidwa akhoza kufika pakati ndi mkulu mlingo mu msika, amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito mkulu. -mphamvu kapena ma elekitirodi opangira zitsulo zamphamvu kwambiri.
Iii. Kuwunika kwa msika wapanyumba wamafuta a petroleum needle coke
(1) Chifukwa chakukula kwa mafakitale, kufunikira kwa coke ya singano kukukulirakulira tsiku ndi tsiku
Dziko lathu ndi dziko lalikulu lopanga mafakitale padziko lonse lapansi, lomwe limaganiziridwa makamaka ndi momwe mafakitale athu amagwirira ntchito.
Kupanga zitsulo ndi zitsulo ndi chimodzi mwa mafakitale ofunikira kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha chuma chathu. Pansi pa izi, kufunikira kofunikira kumawonjezeka tsiku lililonse. Koma pakali pano, kafukufuku wathu waluso ndi msinkhu wa chitukuko ndi mphamvu zopanga sizikugwirizana ndi zofuna za msika. Chifukwa chachikulu ndichakuti pali mabizinesi ochepa omwe amayang'ana singano za petroleum omwe amatha kupanga miyezo yabwino, ndipo mphamvu yopanga ndi yosakhazikika. Ngakhale zogwirizana luso kafukufuku ndi ntchito chitukuko patsogolo pakali pano, koma ndikufuna kukumana ndi mphamvu mkulu kapena kopitilira muyeso mkulu mphamvu graphite elekitirodi ndipo pali kusiyana lalikulu, zomwe zimabweretsa zopinga ulamuliro khalidwe la mankhwala singano lolunjika pa mafuta. Pakadali pano, msika wa singano-coke wagawika kukhala coke-muyeso wa singano ndi coke wa singano. Mosiyana ndi izi, petroleum needle-measure coke ndi yotsika pang'ono kuposa coke coke-measure-measure coke mwina pakukula kwa projekiti kapena mulingo wa chitukuko, chomwenso ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zolepheretsa kukula kwa singano ku China. Koma limodzi ndi kuwongolera kosalekeza kwaukadaulo waukadaulo wopanga zitsulo, kupanga zitsulo komanso kupanga kufunikira kwa ma elekitirodi apamwamba kwambiri a graphite akuchulukirachulukira. Izi zikuwonetsanso kuti ndikusintha mosalekeza kwa chitukuko cha mafakitale athu komanso kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zama mafakitale, kufunikira kwa singano ya singano kudzachulukirachulukira.
(2) Kuwunika kwa mtengo woyandama wa msika wa singano
Malinga ndi zomwe zikuchitika masiku ano chitukuko cha mafakitale ndi kusintha kwa mafakitale ndi mafakitale m'dziko lathu, zikuwoneka kuti mafuta a petroleum opangira singano ndi oyenera kwambiri kudziko lathu kusiyana ndi makala a malasha opangira singano, omwe angapangitse kukulitsanso mkhalidwe wapanyumba wa kusalinganika pakati pa kaphatikizidwe ndi kufunikira kwa singano-muyeso wa coking, kuti tithane ndi vuto la kusalinganika pakati pa kaphatikizidwe ndi kufunikira kwamafuta amafuta, titha kudalira zogulitsa kunja. Kuchokera pakuwunika kwa kusinthasintha kwamitengo yazinthu zomwe zatumizidwa m'zaka zaposachedwa, zitha kuwoneka kuti mtengo wamafuta a petroleum singano coke wakula kuyambira 2014. mtengo, petroleum singano coke idzakhala malo atsopano opangira ndalama mumakampani aku China a singano a coke [2].
Chachinayi, kufufuza kwathu kwa singano zamafuta ndi chitukuko ndi kusanthula zovuta zaukadaulo wopanga
(1) Kusanthula kwa zovuta zopangira mankhwala
Kupyolera mu kuwunika kwa njira yonse yopangira ndi kupanga mafuta a petroleum singano-coke, zikhoza kuwoneka kuti, pokonzekera zopangira, petroleum ndiye chinthu chachikulu chopangira mafuta, chifukwa chapadera cha mafuta a petroleum, mafuta amafuta amayenera kupangidwa. kukumbidwa mobisa, ndipo mafuta opangira mafuta m'dziko lathu adzagwiritsa ntchito zopangira zosiyanasiyana pokonza migodi ndi kukonza, kuti pakhale zonyansa zina zamafuta amafuta. Njira yopangira mankhwalawa idzabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa pakupanga mafuta a singano a petroleum coke. Komanso, zikuchokera mafuta palokha makamaka aliphatic hydrocarbon, zili onunkhira hydrocarbon otsika, amene amayamba ndi makhalidwe a zinthu alipo mafuta. Tikumbukenso kuti kupanga apamwamba petroleum singano coke ali ndi zofunika kwambiri kwa zipangizo zopangira, ndi mkulu gawo la okhutira hydrocarbon onunkhira, ndipo amasankha otsika sulfure, okosijeni, asphaltene ndi mafuta ena monga zopangira, amafuna kuti kachigawo misa. sulfure ndi ochepera 0.3%, ndipo gawo lalikulu la asphaltene ndi lochepera 1.0%. Komabe, kutengera kuzindikira ndi kusanthula kapangidwe koyambirira, zimadziwika kuti mafuta ambiri osakanizika omwe amapangidwa m'dziko lathu ndi amafuta osapanga sulfure, komanso kusowa kwamafuta oyenera kupanga coke ya singano yokhala ndi hydrocarbon yonunkhira kwambiri. zomwe zili. Ndizovuta kwambiri luso kuchotsa zonyansa mu mafuta. Pakadali pano, Jinzhou Petrochemical, yomwe ndi yokhwima kwambiri mu R&D komanso kupanga pakali pano, imafuna zida zopangira zopangira singano popanga ndi kukonza mafuta a coke opangidwa ndi singano. Kuperewera kwa zinthu zopangira komanso kusakhazikika kwabwino ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimalepheretsa kukhazikika kwa coke yopangidwa ndi singano [3]. Shandong Yida New Material Co., Ltd. adapanga ndi kutengera pretreatment wa zipangizo kupanga unit mafuta singano coke
Pa nthawi yomweyo, njira zosiyanasiyana anatengera kuchotsa zinthu zolimba tinthu. Kuwonjezera pa kusankha mafuta olemera oyenerera kupanga singano coke, zinthu zovulaza mu zipangizo zinachotsedwa asanaphike.
(2) Kuwunika kwa zovuta zaukadaulo pakuchedwa kophika kwa petroleum singano coke
Ntchito yopanga singano coke ndi zovuta, ndipo pali zofunika kwambiri pa ulamuliro wa kusintha kwa kutentha kwa chilengedwe ndi kukakamizidwa ntchito mu ndondomeko yeniyeni processing. Ndi imodzi mwazovuta mu njira yophika ya singano kupanga coke ngati kupanikizika, nthawi ndi kutentha kwa coke zikhoza kulamulidwa mwasayansi komanso momveka bwino, kotero kuti nthawi yochitapo imatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kukhathamiritsa bwino ndi kusintha magawo coking ndondomeko ndi mfundo yeniyeni ntchito kungathandizenso kukhathamiritsa ndi khalidwe kukhathamiritsa lonse singano coke kupanga.
Cholinga chachikulu chogwiritsira ntchito ng'anjo yotenthetsera ntchito yosintha kutentha ndikuchita ntchito yokhazikika molingana ndi ndondomeko yopangira singano ya singano kuti kutentha kozungulira kufikire magawo ofunikira. M'malo mwake, njira yakusintha kwa kutentha ndikulimbikitsa momwe ma coking amachitira amatha kuchitika pang'onopang'ono komanso kutentha pang'ono ndikuchedwetsa zomwe zimachitika, kuti mukwaniritse kununkhira konunkhira, kuwonetsetsa kuti mamolekyu apangidwa, kuonetsetsa kuti atha. kukhala olunjika ndi olimba pansi pa zochita za kukakamizidwa, ndi kulimbikitsa bata la boma. Kutentha kwa ng'anjo ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupangira mafuta a petroleum singano coke, ndipo pali zofunika zina ndi miyezo ya magawo osiyanasiyana a kutentha, omwe sangakhale otsika kuposa malire a 476 ℃ ndipo sangathe kupitirira malire apamwamba a 500. ℃. Pa nthawi yomweyo, tisaiwale kuti variable kutentha ng'anjo ndi lalikulu zida ndi zipangizo, tiyenera kulabadira kufanana kwa khalidwe la aliyense nsanja ya singano coke: aliyense nsanja mu kudyetsa ndondomeko, chifukwa cha kutentha. , kuthamanga, kuthamanga kwa mpweya ndi zinthu zina zimasinthidwa, choncho nsanja ya coke pambuyo pa coke imakhala yosiyana, yapakati komanso yochepa. Momwe mungathetsere bwino vuto la kufanana kwa singano ya singano ndi imodzi mwazovuta zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa popanga singano coke.
5. Kuwunika kwa tsogolo la chitukuko cha petroleum singano coke
(a) Limbikitsani kuwongolera kosalekeza kwa mtundu wa singano zapakhomo za petroleum system
Ukadaulo ndi msika wazoyang'ana singano zakhala zikuyendetsedwa ndi United States ndi Japan. Pakalipano, pakupanga kwenikweni kwa singano ya singano ku China, pali mavuto ena, monga khalidwe losakhazikika, mphamvu yochepa ya coke ndi ufa wambiri wa coke. Ngakhale kuti coke ya singano yopangidwa yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maelekitirodi a graphite amphamvu kwambiri komanso apamwamba kwambiri, sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma elekitirodi a graphite amtundu waukulu kwambiri. M'zaka zaposachedwa, kafukufuku wathu ndi chitukuko cha singano kuyang'ana sikunayime, ndipo khalidwe la mankhwala likupitirizabe kuyenda bwino. Shanxi Hongte Coal Chemical Co., LTD., Sinosteel Malasha muyeso singano coke, Jinzhou Petrochemical Co., LTD. Mafuta angapo a singano afika matani 40,000-50,000 / chaka, ndipo amatha kuthamanga mokhazikika, kuwongolera bwino.
(2) Kufuna kwapakhomo kwa petroleum singano coke kukukulirakulira
Kukula kwamakampani achitsulo ndi zitsulo kumafuna kuchuluka kwa ma elekitirodi amphamvu kwambiri komanso ma elekitirodi amphamvu kwambiri. Munthawi imeneyi, kufunikira kwa singano ya coke yamagetsi opitilira mphamvu kwambiri komanso kupanga ma elekitirodi amphamvu kwambiri kukukulirakulira, pafupifupi matani 250,000 pachaka. Linanena bungwe zitsulo ng'anjo magetsi ku China ndi zosakwana 10%, ndipo pafupifupi dziko linanena bungwe zitsulo ng'anjo magetsi wafika 30%. Chitsulo chathu chachitsulo chafika matani 160 miliyoni. Malinga ndi zomwe zikuchitika m'kupita kwa nthawi, chitukuko cha chitsulo cha ng'anjo yamagetsi sichingalephereke, kusowa kwa singano ya coke kudzakhala kosapeŵeka. Choncho, njira ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti awonjezere gwero la zipangizo ndi kukonza njira zopangira kuti zigwirizane ndi zofunikira zopangira.
(3) Kukula kwa kufunikira kwa msika kumalimbikitsa kuwongolera kwaukadaulo wapakhomo wa R&D
Kusiyana kwaubwino ndi kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kwa kutentha kwa singano kumafuna kupititsa patsogolo kukula kwa singano. Pachitukuko ndi kupanga singano-moto, ofufuza adziwa zambiri za zovuta kupanga singano-moto, kuwonjezera khama kafukufuku, ndi kumanga ang'onoang'ono ndi oyendetsa mayeso malo kupeza deta experimental kutsogolera kupanga. Tekinoloje yopangira singano ya singano ikukonzedwa nthawi zonse kuti ikwaniritse zomwe zikukula. Malinga ndi zopangira ndi njira zopangira, kusowa kwamafuta padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchuluka kwa sulfure kumalepheretsa kukula kwa singano yamafuta. The zatsopano zopangira pretreatment mafakitale malo kupanga mafuta mndandanda singano coke yamangidwa ndi kuika mu ntchito Shandong Yida Chatsopano Zinthu Zofunika Co., LTD., ndi zabwino zopangira mafuta angapo singano coke wapangidwa, amene bwino kusintha khalidwe ndi linanena bungwe mafuta angapo singano coke.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-07-2022