Kuthekera kwakukulu kwa China padziko lonse lapansi kupanga mafuta a coke okhala ndi graphitized kumayimira ubwino waukulu komanso zoopsa zobisika, zomwe zimafuna kasamalidwe kabwino kuti asinthe zabwino ndikuchepetsa zoopsa. Kusanthula kwapadera kuli motere:
Ubwino: Kutsogolera Kumakhazikitsa Ulamuliro wa Mafakitale Padziko Lonse
Kulamulira Zinthu Pamodzi ndi Mphamvu Zake
Udindo waukulu wa China pakupanga mafuta a coke okhala ndi graphite umachokera ku ulamuliro wake wozama pa unyolo wonse wa mafakitale a graphite. Kumtunda, ili ndi 77% ya malo osungira graphite achilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi (monga Jixi Mine ku Heilongjiang Province) ndipo ili ndi chiŵerengero chachikulu cha zinthu zopangira monga petroleum coke ndi needle coke monga makina oyeretsera mafuta akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi. Pakati, kudzera muukadaulo wapadera monga uvuni wopitilira wa graphitization, yafupikitsa nthawi yopangira ndi 50% ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi 30%, ndikupanga zopinga zaukadaulo. Pansi pake, gawo lake la msika wapadziko lonse lapansi muzinthu za anode limafika 98.5%, pomwe mphamvu yamakampani otsogola ya chomera chimodzi imaposa katatu kuposa yamakampani onse aku US. Ubwino wa unyolo wonsewu umathandiza China kuchita "kuchepetsa kukula" mu gawo la petroleum coke okhala ndi graphite, zomwe zimagwira mwachindunji "mzere wothandiza" wa unyolo wamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi.
Thandizo Lachiwiri Kuchokera ku Mtengo Wachuma ndi Wanzeru
Graphitized petroleum coke ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma anode a batri a lithiamu-ion, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale pafupifupi 6%-10% ya mtengo wa batri, ndipo magwiridwe ake amakhudza mwachindunji mphamvu zochaja mwachangu komanso moyo wa batri. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama kwa China (komwe kumawononga ma petoni 12,000 okha, poyerekeza ndi 40,000 pa tani yamagetsi odzipangira okha kunja) kwapangitsa kuti 90% ya mabizinesi a mabatire aku Japan ndi South Korea azidalira zinthu zaku China za anode. Kuphatikiza apo, atakhazikitsa njira zowongolera kutumiza kunja kwa graphite ndi zinthu zina zokhudzana nazo, China yapanga kusiyana kwa msika wapachaka wa matani 180,000 kunja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zopangira mabatire amphamvu zikwere ndi 3%-5% ndikulimbitsa mphamvu zake zogulira.
Kuzungulira Kwabwino kwa Kubwerezabwereza kwa Ukadaulo ndi Kukula kwa Mphamvu
Makampani aku China akupitilizabe kupanga zinthu zatsopano monga granulation, graphitization, ndi coating carbonization. Mwachitsanzo, ukadaulo wopitilira wa graphitization umatsogolera makampani ena akunja ndi zaka 5-8, pomwe ukadaulo wa silicon-carbon anode ukuyandikira pachimake cha malingaliro. Makampani otsogola, pogwirizana ndi makasitomala apamwamba monga CATL ndi BYD, apanga mzere wotsekedwa wa "msika waukadaulo," zomwe zikuyendetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu za anode padziko lonse lapansi ku China (ndi mphamvu yaku China yoposa 95% padziko lonse lapansi pofika 2024).
Zoopsa Zobisika: Zovuta Zomwe Zili M'kati mwa Kapangidwe ka Zinthu Zomwe Zimabweretsa Mphamvu Yotsogola
Kusemphana Pakati pa Kugwiritsidwa Ntchito Molakwika kwa Zinthu ndi Kuteteza Chilengedwe
Ngakhale kuti China ili ndi graphite yambiri, njira ya "kukumba kuti itumize kunja, mtengo wotsika, mtengo wapamwamba, kutumizira kunja" kwakhala kutayitsa chuma. Mtengo wotumizira kunja wa zinthu zoyambira za graphite ndi wochepera 3,000 yuan pa tani, pomwe graphite yapamwamba kwambiri yochokera kunja imawononga mpaka $100,000 pa tani, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti palibe luso lokwanira lokonza zinthu mozama. Kuphatikiza apo, migodi yosaloledwa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zinthu zothandizira monga ma acid, alkali, ndi malasha kumawonjezera kuipitsa chilengedwe, zomwe zimatsutsana ndi zolinga zachitukuko chokhazikika.
Mavuto Ochokera ku Kutsekeka kwa Ukadaulo ndi Kusinthana kwa Nyumba
Ngakhale kuti China yakhala ikugwiritsa ntchito ma anode a graphite opangidwa, imadalirabe kutumiza kunja kwa graphite yapadera (monga graphite ya nyukiliya, graphite yamlengalenga). Mayiko monga US, Japan, ndi Germany amaika ziletso zaukadaulo kuti aletse chitukuko cha graphite yapamwamba ku China. Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale kuti graphite ya isostatic yadutsa mu zopinga za "chokepoint", zinthu zazikulu zokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono zimafunikirabe kutumizidwa kunja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusintha kwa dzikolo kukhale ntchito yayitali.
Zotsatira za Mikangano ya Zandale ndi Mikangano ya Malonda
Udindo waukulu wa China mu mafuta oyeretsedwa ndi graphitized coke wayambitsa kuzunguliridwa ndi mayiko akumadzulo. Dipatimenti ya Zamalonda ku US yakhazikitsa misonkho yokwana 721% pa mabizinesi ena aku China opangidwa ndi anode ndipo yayesa kumanganso maunyolo ogulitsa m'nyumba kudzera mu Inflation Reduction Act. EU yatsutsa mfundo zothandizira zaku China pogwiritsa ntchito Net Zero Industry Act. Ngakhale kuti kulimbikitsa luso lakunja kukukumana ndi zopinga zambiri monga zida, ukadaulo, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu (zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa kutenga zaka 5-8), mikangano yamalonda ikhoza kusokoneza misika ya China yotumiza kunja.
Njira Yopita Kuchipambano: Kuchokera ku Utsogoleri wa Utsogoleri mpaka Kukhazikika kwa Ndondomeko
Kulimbitsa Kudzilamulira Kwaukadaulo Kwathunthu
Wonjezerani kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha graphite yapadera kuti mudutse mipata yaukadaulo m'magawo apamwamba monga graphite ya nyukiliya ndi ndege. Limbikitsani kukweza ukadaulo woyeretsa ndi kusintha graphite kuti muchepetse kudalira zinthu zoyambira. Limbikitsani mapangidwe a patent a zida zofunika monga ma kettle a granulation ndi uvuni wa graphitization kuti muphatikize zopinga zaukadaulo.
Kulimbikitsa Mgwirizano Pakati pa Chitukuko cha Zinthu ndi Kuteteza Chilengedwe
Khazikitsani njira yosungira zinthu za graphite kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera komanso moyenera. Limbikitsani ukadaulo wa migodi yobiriwira kuti muchepetse kutulutsa mpweya woipa. Gwiritsani ntchito zolimbikitsira misonkho kuti muwongolere mabizinesi kuti agwire ntchito yokonza zinthu mozama, ndikuwonjezera phindu la zinthu.
Kupanga Mgwirizano Wapadziko Lonse ndi Njira Yolimbana ndi Mavuto
Gwiritsani ntchito zida zowongolera kutumiza kunja kuti muwonjezere phindu la zinthu zabwino, monga kuphatikiza zinthu za graphite anode m'ndandanda wowongolera kuti muwonjezere ndalama zopangira kunja. Wonjezerani misika yatsopano kudzera mu Belt and Road Initiative kuti muchepetse kudalira misika yaku Europe ndi US. Limbitsani mgwirizano ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi monga International Energy Agency (IEA) kuti mulimbikitse kufalikira kwa miyezo yaukadaulo wa graphite padziko lonse lapansi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-16-2025