Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe opanga mabatire apamwamba akulimbikira kugula coke ya petroleum yokhala ndi graphitized ndi udindo wake ngati zinthu zofunika kwambiri zopangira zinthu za anode, zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukweza magwiridwe antchito a mabatire, kuchepetsa ndalama, komanso kukwaniritsa zosowa za makampani atsopano amagetsi. Kusanthula kotsatiraku kumachitika kuchokera mbali zitatu: ukadaulo, msika, ndi mafakitale.
I. Kukula kwa Ukadaulo: Graphitized Petroleum Coke ndiye "Mwala Wapangodya" wa Zinthu za Anode
1. Njira Yopangira Zithunzi Imawonjezera Kugwira Ntchito kwa Zinthu
Graphitized petroleum coke imasandulika kukhala graphite yokhala ndi kristalo yapamwamba kudzera mu kutentha kwambiri (nthawi zambiri kupitirira 2,800°C), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyendetsa bwino, yokhazikika, komanso yogwira ntchito nthawi zonse. Mwachitsanzo:
- Batire ya BYD's Blade: Pogwiritsa ntchito graphitized petroleum coke ngati anode, pamodzi ndi lithium iron phosphate cathode, imapeza mphamvu zambiri (kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu yosungiramo mphamvu ndi 30% pa voliyumu iliyonse), moyo wautali (kupitirira 2,000 charge-discharge cycles), komanso chitetezo chabwino (kupambana mayeso olowera msomali popanda kugwira moto).
- Batire ya Tesla ya 4680: Ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta opangidwa ndi graphitized petroleum coke mu anode yake, imathandizira mphamvu yamphamvu kwambiri yochaja mwachangu (kuchaja mpaka 80% mu mphindi 15) komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri kutentha kochepa (kusunga mphamvu zoposa 90% pa -20°C).
2. Ubwino Wotsika Mtengo Umathandizira Kugwiritsa Ntchito Pang'onopang'ono
Coke ya petroleum yokhala ndi grafiti ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zopangira (monga chochokera ku mafuta oyeretsera), ndipo mitengo yake ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu kapena theka la graphite yachilengedwe, ndipo ukadaulo wake wokonza zinthu ndi wokhwima, zomwe zingachepetse kwambiri mtengo wa zinthu za anode. Mwachitsanzo: - Mu 2025, mtengo wapakati wa coke ya petroleum yokhala ndi sulfure yochepa ku China ukuyembekezeka kukhala pafupifupi 1,841 yuan pa tani, pomwe mitengo yapamwamba ya graphite yachilengedwe ipitilira 5,000 yuan pa tani.
- BYD yachepetsa mtengo wa Blade Battery yake ndi 15%-20% kudzera mu kugula kwakukulu kwa coke ya petroleum yokhala ndi graphitized, zomwe zawonjezera mpikisano pamsika.
II. Kukula kwa Msika: Kufunika Kwambiri kwa Mphamvu mu Gawo Latsopano la Mphamvu Kumayambitsa Kuchuluka kwa Kufunika kwa Zopereka ndi Kufunika
1. Kufunika Kwambiri kwa Mabatire Amagetsi
Kugulitsa magalimoto atsopano padziko lonse lapansi akuyembekezeka kupitirira mayunitsi 30 miliyoni pofika chaka cha 2025, zomwe zikuchititsa kuti kufunikira kwa mabatire amagetsi kukwere ndi 40%.
Monga chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga zinthu za anode, kufunikira kwa coke ya petroleum yokhala ndi graphitized kukukwera kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo:
- GWh iliyonse ya mabatire a lithiamu imafuna pafupifupi matani 600 a coke ya petroleum yokhala ndi graphitized, ndipo kufunikira kwa mabatire padziko lonse lapansi kukuyembekezeka kufika matani 1.2 miliyoni pofika chaka cha 2025.
- Fakitale ya Tesla ku Shanghai, yomwe imapanga mayunitsi okwana 1 miliyoni pachaka, ikufuna matani opitilira 60,000 a graphitized petroleum coke.
2. Msika Wosungira Mphamvu Wayamba Kukula Monga Gawo Latsopano Lokulirapo
Mphamvu yosungira mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi ikuyembekezeka kufika pa 500 GWh pofika chaka cha 2025, ndipo mabatire a lithiamu-ion ndi oposa 80%.
Chifukwa cha mtengo wake wokwera, petroleum coke yokhala ndi graphitized ili ndi kuchuluka kwa 70% muzinthu za anode zamabatire osungira mphamvu, zomwe zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri pakukulitsa makampani monga CATL ndi LG Energy Solution.
III. Kukula kwa Makampani: Kuphatikiza Unyolo Wopereka ndi Kapangidwe Kofulumira Koyendetsedwa ndi Ndondomeko
1. Kuphatikiza kwa Maunyolo Ogulira ndi Makampani Otsogola
- BYD: Mwa kuyika ndalama m'mabizinesi a carbon (monga kuyika ndalama zokwana 1 biliyoni yuan kuti amange pulojekiti yophatikiza anode), yatseka mphamvu yapamwamba yopanga mafuta a coke okhala ndi graphitized, ndikuwonjezera phindu lake ndi maperesenti 8.
- Tesla: Yasaina mapangano a nthawi yayitali ndi ogulitsa mafuta a coke otsika sulfure padziko lonse lapansi (monga omwe ali ku United States ndi Netherlands) kuti atsimikizire kuti zinthu zopangira zilipo nthawi zonse.
2. Ndalama Zochokera ku Ndondomeko Zimatulutsa Mwayi wa Makampani
Njira ya ku China ya "dual carbon" yapangitsa kuti makampani atsopano opanga mphamvu ayambe kukwera kwambiri, ndipo kukula kwa msika wamafuta a coke akuyembekezeka kufika $26.67 biliyoni pofika chaka cha 2025, ndipo chiwerengero cha mafuta a coke otsika sulfure chikukwera kufika pa 45% (makamaka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri za anode).
Ndondomeko zolimba zachilengedwe (monga "Ndondomeko Yoyendetsera Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mafuta a Coke M'madera Ofunika") zathandizira kulimbitsa makampani, ndipo mabizinesi otsogola akupitilizabe kuphatikiza malo awo pamsika mwa kukweza ukadaulo wawo (monga malo osungiramo zinthu ndi mayendedwe olumikizidwa komanso njira zochotsera fumbi zogwira ntchito bwino) kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zochepetsa mpweya woipa.
IV. Zochitika Zamtsogolo: Kusintha kwa Ukadaulo Pamodzi ndi Kukweza Mafakitale
1. Kulowa Pang'onopang'ono kwa Zida za Anode Zochokera ku Silicon
Coke ya petroleum yojambulidwa ndi grafiti idzaphatikizidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi silicon (monga silicon-carbon anodes) kuti iwonjezere kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya batri (mtengo wopitilira 400 Wh/kg), kukwaniritsa zosowa za misika yapamwamba.
Zikuyembekezeka kuti chiwerengero cha zinthu zopangidwa ndi silicon-based anode chidzafika 10% pofika chaka cha 2025, zomwe zikuwonjezera kukula kwa kufunikira kwa petroleum coke yokhala ndi graphitized.
2. Kapangidwe ka Padziko Lonse Kofulumira
Kumanga mphamvu zopangira ma anode akunja (monga kufunikira kowonjezera kwa matani 600,000 mpaka 700,000 a coke yamafuta ochepa omwe akuyembekezeka mu 2026-2027) kudzayendetsa kufalikira kwa makampani aku China opanga ma coke amafuta, ndikupanga mwayi wopikisana wa "kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangira."
Mapeto
Coke ya petroleum yokhala ndi grafiti yakhala chuma cha "golide wakuda" chomwe chimafunidwa kwambiri ndi opanga mabatire apamwamba chifukwa cha magwiridwe ake aukadaulo, ubwino wamtengo, komanso mgwirizano wamakampani. Pamene makampani atsopano amagetsi akupitilira kukula, malo ake pamsika adzakulitsidwa kwambiri, ndi kukweza kwaukadaulo ndi mapangidwe apadziko lonse lapansi kukhala chinsinsi cha mpikisano wamabizinesi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Dec-08-2025