Chidule cha mitundu ya chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo

Chitsulo choyera: Monga momwe shuga timayikira mu tiyi, kaboni imasungunuka kwathunthu mu chitsulo chamadzimadzi. Ngati kaboni iyi yosungunuka mumadzimadzi singalekanitsidwe ndi chitsulo chamadzimadzi pomwe chitsulo choyera chimauma, koma chimakhalabe chosungunuka kwathunthu mu kapangidwe kake, timatcha kapangidwe kake koyera. Chitsulo choyera, chomwe chili ndi kapangidwe kofooka kwambiri, chimatchedwa chitsulo choyera chifukwa chimakhala ndi mtundu wowala, woyera chikasweka.

Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi imvi: Pamene chitsulo chopangidwa ndi imvi chimauma, kaboni wosungunuka mu chitsulo chopangidwa ndi imvi, monga shuga mu tiyi, ukhoza kutuluka ngati gawo losiyana panthawi youma. Tikayang'ana kapangidwe kotere pansi pa maikulosikopu, timaona kuti kaboni wawonongeka kukhala kapangidwe kosiyana komwe kamawoneka ndi maso, mu mawonekedwe a graphite. Mtundu uwu wa chitsulo chopangidwa ndi imvi timautcha chitsulo chopangidwa ndi imvi, chifukwa pamene kapangidwe kameneka, komwe kaboni kamawonekera mu lamellae, ndiko kuti, mu zigawo, kasweka, mtundu wofiirira komanso imvi umatuluka.

Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi madontho: Zitsulo zoyera zomwe tatchula pamwambapa zimawoneka ngati zikuzizira mofulumira, pomwe zitsulo zoyera zimawoneka ngati zikuzizira pang'onopang'ono. Ngati kuzizira kwa gawo lothiridwa kukugwirizana ndi kusiyana komwe kusintha kuchokera ku zoyera kupita ku imvi kumachitika, n'zotheka kuwona kuti mapangidwe a imvi ndi oyera amawonekera pamodzi. Timatcha zitsulo zoyera izi kukhala zamadontho chifukwa tikaswa chidutswa chotere, zilumba zoyera zimawoneka ngati maziko oyera.

Chitsulo chosungunuka: Mtundu uwu wa chitsulo chosungunuka umapangidwa kukhala chitsulo choyera. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kuuma kwa chitsulo chosungunuka kumatsimikiziridwa kuti kaboni isungunuke kwathunthu m'chimakemo. Kenako, chitsulo choyera chosungunuka chimayikidwa mu chithandizo cha kutentha kotero kuti kaboni wosungunuka m'chimakemo ulekanitsidwe ndi chimakemo. Pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha ichi, tikuwona kuti kaboni imatuluka ngati mipiringidzo yooneka mosiyanasiyana, yolumikizidwa.

Kuwonjezera pa gulu ili, ngati kaboni inatha kulekana ndi kapangidwe kake chifukwa cha kulimba (monga momwe zimakhalira ndi zitsulo zoyera), titha kupanga gulu lina poyang'ana mawonekedwe ovomerezeka a graphite yomwe yatuluka:

Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi imvi (lamellar graphite): Ngati mpweya wauma zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kapangidwe ka graphite kokhala ndi zigawo monga masamba a kabichi, timatchula zitsulo zopangidwa ndi imvi kapena lamellar graphite. Tikhoza kulimbitsa kapangidwe kameneka, komwe kumachitika mu alloys komwe mpweya ndi sulfure zimakhala zambiri, popanda kusonyeza kuchepa kwakukulu chifukwa cha kutentha kwake kwakukulu.

Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi graphite: Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, tikuwona kuti m'kapangidwe kameneka, kaboni imawoneka ngati mipira yozungulira ya graphite. Kuti graphite iwole kukhala kapangidwe kozungulira osati kapangidwe ka lamellar, mpweya ndi sulfure zomwe zili mumadzi ziyenera kuchepetsedwa pansi pa mulingo winawake. Ichi ndichifukwa chake popanga chitsulo chopangidwa ndi graphite chopangidwa ndi spheroidal, timapaka magnesium kuchitsulo chamadzimadzicho, chomwe chimatha kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu ndi mpweya ndi sulfure, kenako nkuchitsanulira mu nkhungu.

Chitsulo cha graphite chopangidwa ndi Vermicular: Ngati mankhwala a magnesium omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chitsulo cha graphite chopangidwa ndi spheroidal sakwanira ndipo graphite singathe kusinthidwa kukhala spheroidal kwathunthu, kapangidwe ka graphite aka, komwe timatcha vermicular (kapena compact), kangatuluke. Vermicular graphite, yomwe ndi mawonekedwe osinthira pakati pa mitundu ya lamellar ndi spheroidal graphite, sikuti imangopereka chitsulo chopangidwa ndi spheroidal graphite kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zamakaniko, komanso imachepetsa chizolowezi chocheperako chifukwa cha kutentha kwake kwakukulu. Kapangidwe kameneka, komwe kamaonedwa ngati cholakwika popanga chitsulo cha spheroidal graphite, kamapangidwa mwadala ndi mafakitale ambiri chifukwa cha zabwino zomwe tatchulazi.