Chitsulo choyera: Monga momwe shuga timayika mu tiyi, carbon imasungunuka kwathunthu muchitsulo chamadzimadzi. Ngati mpweya wosungunuka mumadzimadzi sungathe kulekanitsidwa ndi chitsulo chamadzimadzi pamene chitsulo chosungunula chimalimba, koma chimakhalabe chosungunuka mumpangidwe, timachitcha kuti chitsulo choyera choyera. Chitsulo choyera, chomwe chimakhala ndi chitsulo chosasunthika kwambiri, chimatchedwa chitsulo choyera chifukwa chimasonyeza mtundu wowala, woyera chikasweka.
Gray cast iron: Pamene chitsulo chamadzimadzi chimalimba, mpweya wosungunuka muzitsulo zamadzimadzi, monga shuga mu tiyi, ukhoza kutuluka ngati gawo losiyana panthawi yolimba. Tikayang'ana kapangidwe kameneka pansi pa maikulosikopu, timawona kuti mpweya wa carbon wawonongeka kukhala mawonekedwe osiyana omwe amawoneka ndi maso, mu mawonekedwe a graphite. Timachitcha chitsulo chamtundu uwu ngati chitsulo cha imvi, chifukwa pamene kamangidwe kameneka kamene kamakhala mu lamellae, ndiye kuti, m'magulu, amasweka, mtundu wobiriwira ndi imvi umatuluka.
Chitsulo chokhala ndi mawanga: Zitsulo zoyera zomwe tazitchula pamwambazi zimawoneka pozizira kwambiri, pomwe zitsulo zotuwa zimawonekera pozizira pang'onopang'ono. Ngati kuzizira kwa gawo lotsanuliridwa kumagwirizana ndi momwe kusintha kuchokera ku zoyera kupita ku imvi kumachitika, ndizotheka kuwona kuti zotuwa ndi zoyera zimawonekera palimodzi. Izi timazitcha kuti zitsulo zotayidwa chifukwa tikathyola chidutswa choterocho, zisumbu zotuwa zimawonekera pa maziko oyera.
Chitsulo chonyezimira: Chitsulo chamtunduwu chimakhala cholimba ngati chitsulo choyera. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kulimba kwa chitsulo choponyedwa kumatsimikiziridwa kuti kaboni ikhalebe yosungunuka kwathunthu mu kapangidwe kake. Kenaka, chitsulo chosungunuka choyera chimayikidwa pamoto wotentha kotero kuti mpweya wosungunuka mu kapangidwe kake ulekanitsidwe ndi kapangidwe kake. Pambuyo pa kutentha kumeneku, timawona kuti mpweya umatuluka ngati mabwalo osakanikirana, osakanikirana.
Kuphatikiza pa gulu ili, ngati mpweya udatha kupatukana ndi kapangidwe kake chifukwa cha kulimba (monga muzitsulo zotuwa), titha kupanga gulu lina poyang'ana mawonekedwe a graphite:
Gray (lamellar graphite) chitsulo chotayira: Ngati mpweyawo walimba kupangitsa kuti graphite ikhale yosanjikiza ngati masamba a kabichi, timatchula zitsulo zonyezimira monga zitsulo zotayira za imvi kapena lamellar graphite. Tikhoza kulimbitsa kamangidwe kameneka, kamene kamapezeka mu aloyi komwe mpweya ndi sulfure zimakhala zokwera kwambiri, popanda kusonyeza chizolowezi chochepa kwambiri chifukwa cha matenthedwe ake apamwamba.
Chitsulo chozungulira cha graphite: Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, tikuwona kuti m'kati mwake, mpweya umawoneka ngati mipira yozungulira ya graphite. Kuti graphite iwonongeke kukhala yozungulira m'malo mwa lamellar, mpweya ndi sulfure mumadzimadzi ziyenera kuchepetsedwa pansi pa mlingo wina. Ndicho chifukwa chake popanga chitsulo choponyedwa cha graphite spheroidal, timayika zitsulo zamadzimadzi ndi magnesium, zomwe zimatha kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga ndi mpweya ndi sulfure, ndikuzitsanulira mu nkhungu.
Vermicular graphite cast iron: Ngati chithandizo cha magnesium chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chitsulo cha spheroidal graphite cast iron sichikwanira ndipo ma graphite sangathe kupangidwa ndi spheroidized kwathunthu, mawonekedwe a graphite awa, omwe timawatcha kuti vermicular (kapena compact), angatuluke. Vermicular graphite, yomwe ndi mawonekedwe osinthika pakati pa mitundu ya lamellar ndi spheroidal graphite, sikuti imangopereka chitsulo chonyezimira chokhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba a spheroidal graphite, komanso imachepetsa chizolowezi chocheperako chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake kwamafuta. Kapangidwe kameneka, kamene kamaonedwa kuti ndi kolakwika pakupanga chitsulo chopangidwa ndi spheroidal graphite cast iron, chimaponyedwa dala ndi maziko ambiri chifukwa cha zabwino zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-29-2023