Ma anode a silicon-carbon akuyambitsa vuto lalikulu pa ma anode a graphite (kuphatikizapo graphitized petroleum coke) ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo ndi kuchepetsa ndalama. Komabe, "mpando wachifumu" wa ma anode a graphite umakhalabe wokhazikika kwakanthawi kochepa, pomwe ukukumana ndi chiopsezo chosinthidwa mtsogolo. Kusanthula kotsatiraku kumachitika kuchokera ku magawo atatu: ukadaulo, mtengo, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito pamsika.
I. Kukula kwa Ukadaulo: "Kudumphadumpha kwa Machitidwe" kwa Silicon-Carbon Anodes motsutsana ndi "Bottleneck Yochepa" ya Graphite Anodes
Ubwino Wapamwamba wa Silicon-Carbon Anodes
- Kuchuluka kwa Mphamvu: Mphamvu yeniyeni ya silicon (4200mAh/g) ndi yoposa kuwirikiza kakhumi kuposa ya graphite (372mAh/g). Ma anode a silicon-carbon okonzedwa kudzera mu CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) amawonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ndi 50% poyerekeza ndi graphite yachikhalidwe, ndipo moyo wa cycle umapitirira ma cycle 1000 (monga, ukadaulo wa Shanghai Xiba wa mesoporous carbon skeleton umachepetsa kuchuluka kwa kutupa kwa electrode kufika pa 5%).
- Kuchepetsa Mavuto Okhudza Kuchuluka kwa Mphamvu: Tinthu ta silicon tomwe timakhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta carbon tomwe timaphatikizidwa ndi mafupa a carbon tokhala ndi pobowola timapanga kapangidwe ka "ma maze opumira", zomwe zimathandiza kuti silicon ikule bwino. Mwachitsanzo, batire ya Tesla ya 4680, pogwiritsa ntchito ma anode a silicon-carbon a CVD, imakwanitsa ma cycle opitilira 2500 ndipo imalola kuti iyambe kuchajidwa mwachangu kwa mphindi 8.
- Kugwirizana Kwambiri ndi Njira: Ma anode a silicon-carbon amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi ma electrolyte osasunthika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zikhale bwino. Ma anode a silicon-carbon a Beijing Lier, ophatikizidwa ndi ma electrolyte olimba a sulfide, amakhala ndi mphamvu zopitilira 500Wh/kg ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wa ma cycle 2000.
"Zotsatira za Denga" la Graphite Anodes
- Zolepheretsa Kuchita: Mphamvu yeniyeni ya ma graphite anode yatsala pang'ono kufika pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri (360mAh/g), ndi mavuto monga kusagwirizana bwino kwa ma electrolyte ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu chifukwa cha kupangika kwa filimu ya SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interphase) panthawi yoyambira kuyitanitsa/kutulutsa.
- Kuthekera Kochepa Kosintha: Ngakhale kusintha pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wofewa, mpweya wolimba, kapena machubu a kaboni kungapangidwe, sikungapitirire ubwino wa mphamvu ya zinthu zopangidwa ndi silicon. Mwachitsanzo, mpweya wolimba, ngakhale uli ndi mphamvu yayikulu kuposa graphite, ulibe nsanja yokhazikika yotulutsira mphamvu ndipo umawonongeka mwachangu.
II. Kukula kwa Mtengo: "Mzere Wochepetsera Mtengo" wa Silicon-Carbon Anodes poyerekeza ndi "Ubwino wa Mtengo" wa Graphite Anodes
Kuchepetsa Mtengo mu Silicon-Carbon Anodes
- Kudzidalira kwa Gasi la Silane: Gasi la Silane (SiH₄), chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa anode ya silicon-carbon, chomwe kale chinkagwiritsidwa ntchito pogulitsa kunja (mtengo wake unali mpaka 2 miliyoni yuan/tani). Kuyambira mu 2023, makampani otsogola apanga zinthu zapakhomo kudzera mu mizere yopangira yokha, zomwe zachepetsa ndalama kufika pa 750,000 yuan/tani. Izi zapangitsa kuti mtengo wa anode ya silicon-carbon ukhale wotsika kuchoka pa 1.5 miliyoni yuan/tani kufika pa 750,000 yuan/tani, zomwe zafika pafupifupi nthawi 1.5 kuposa mtengo wa anode ya graphite (pafupifupi 500,000 yuan/tani).
- Kukula kwa Njira za CVD: Mitengo ya zida za CVD zapakhomo yatsika kufika pa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a zida zina zotumizidwa kunja, ndipo mphamvu ya makina amodzi yakwera katatu. Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu ya kampani yotsogola yopanga ma CVD yakwera kuchoka pa matani 100 pachaka kufika pa matani 5000 pachaka, zomwe zachepetsa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mayunitsi ndi 40%.
- Kugwira Ntchito Mwachuma: Ngati mitengo ya anode ya silicon-carbon itsika kufika pa 1.5 kuposa ya graphite, kukwera kwa mtengo wa galimoto yamagetsi ya A00-class yokhala ndi batire ya 30kWh kungakhale pafupifupi 2000 yuan, pomwe kumapereka kuwonjezeka kwa 15%, zomwe zikupereka phindu lalikulu pamtengo.
"Mtengo Wotsika" wa Graphite Anodes
- Mtengo Wochepa wa Zinthu Zopangira: Zinthu zopangira graphite anode, monga petroleum coke ndi needle coke, sizisintha kwambiri pamitengo (monga graphitized petroleum coke mtengo wake ndi 1620-3000 yuan/ton).
- Njira Zopangira Zachikulire: Njira yopangira ma anode a graphite (kuphwanya, kugawa, kugawa, graphitization yotentha kwambiri) ndi yofanana kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kuwongolera ndalama panthawi yopanga zinthu zambiri.
- Ubwino wa Mtengo Wakanthawi: Mu ntchito zosungira mphamvu (zogwirizana ndi moyo wa njinga koma zosafuna mphamvu zambiri) komanso m'misika yamagalimoto amagetsi otsika mtengo, ma anode a graphite amakhalabe ndi phindu pamtengo.
III. Kukula kwa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Msika: "Kulowa Msika" kwa Silicon-Carbon Anodes motsutsana ndi "Msika Ulipo" wa Graphite Anodes
"Njira Yokulira Kwambiri" ya Silicon-Carbon Anodes
- Mabatire Amagetsi: Makampani otsogola monga CATL ndi Tesla ayambitsa kupanga mabatire ambiri a silicon-carbon anode. Kufunika kwa ma anode a silicon-carbon padziko lonse lapansi kukuyembekezeka kufika matani 60,000-70,000 pofika chaka cha 2026, komwe kukufanana ndi kukula kwa msika wa yuan 18-21 biliyoni.
- Zamagetsi Zamagetsi: Ma anode a silicon-carbon alowa m'mafoni apamwamba opitilira 25% (monga Honor Magic5 Pro), zomwe zawonjezera mphamvu ya batri ndi 15% pomwe zikuwonjezera makulidwe a 0.1mm okha.
- Mabatire Okhazikika: Ma anode a silicon-carbon, ophatikizidwa ndi ma electrolyte olimba, amaimira njira yaukadaulo yayitali. Mwachitsanzo, ma anode a silicon-carbon a Beijing Lier, ophatikizidwa ndi ma electrolyte olimba a sulfide, amakhala ndi mphamvu zopitilira 500Wh/kg.
"Kuteteza Msika Kumene Kulipo" kwa Graphite Anodes
- Kulamulira kwa Gawo la Msika: Ma anode a grafiti pakadali pano ali ndi zoposa 95% ya msika wa zinthu za anode za batri ya lithiamu-ion (ndi graphite yopangidwa yokhala ndi 80%), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusinthidwa kwathunthu kusakhale kotheka kwakanthawi kochepa.
- Kulimba Msika Wapadera: Mu malo osungira mphamvu (monga malo osungiramo zinthu) ndi misika yamagalimoto amagetsi otsika mtengo, ma anode a graphite amakhalabe ndi malo chifukwa cha ubwino wa mtengo ndi moyo wa mayendedwe opitilira ma cycle 6000.
IV. Chiyembekezo cha M'tsogolo: Kodi Graphite Anode Ingakhalebe ndi “Mpando Wachifumu” Wawo kwa Nthawi Yaitali Motani?
- Kwa Nthawi Yaifupi (Zaka 1-3): Ma anode a Graphite adzakhalabe amphamvu, koma ma anode a silicon-carbon adzawonjezera mwachangu kulowa kwa mabatire amphamvu ndi zamagetsi apamwamba.
- Nthawi Yapakatikati (Zaka 3-5): Ngati mtengo wa anode ya silicon-carbon ukugwirizana ndi ma anode a graphite (omwe akuyembekezeka kufika mu 2026), kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zawo komanso ubwino wawo wochaja mwachangu zidzapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwakukulu m'misika yosungira mphamvu komanso magalimoto amagetsi otsika mtengo.
- Kwa Nthawi Yaitali (Zaka 5+): Ma anode a silicon-carbon, ophatikizidwa ndi ma electrolyte olimba, akhoza kukhala maziko a ukadaulo wa batri wa m'badwo wotsatira, zomwe zitha kugwetsa mphamvu ya ma anode a graphite.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-22-2025