Mavuto okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi mpweya wa kaboni popanga ma electrode a graphite akhoza kukonzedwa bwino pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatirazi:
I. Mbali ya Zinthu Zopangira: Kukonza Mafomula ndi Maukadaulo Osinthira
1. Kusinthitsa ndi Kukonza Chiŵerengero cha Anthu ndi Needle Coke
Ma electrode a graphite amphamvu kwambiri amafuna needle coke (makristalo amphamvu kwambiri komanso kutentha kochepa), koma kupanga kwake kumagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri kuposa petroleum coke. Kusintha chiŵerengero cha needle coke ku petroleum coke (monga, matani 1.1–1.2 a needle coke pa tani ya zinthu zamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri) kungachepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zopangira zinthu zopangira pamene zikugwira ntchito bwino. Mwachitsanzo, ma electrode amphamvu kwambiri a 600mm omwe adapangidwa ku Chenzhou adachepetsa mpweya wa CO₂ wochokera ku chitsulo chamagetsi cha arc chopangidwa ndi chitsulo ndi zoposa 70% kudzera mu ma ratio okonzedwa bwino a zinthu zopangira.
2. Kugwira Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri kwa Binder
Chotsukira cha phula la malasha, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomangira ndipo chimapanga 25%–35% ya zinthu zopangira, chimasiya zotsalira za 60%–70% zokha mukaphika. Kugwiritsa ntchito chotsukira chosinthidwa kapena kuwonjezera ma nanofillers kungathandize kukonza bwino ntchito yomangira, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito chotsukira, komanso kuchepetsa mpweya woipa panthawi yophika.
II. Mbali ya Njira: Zatsopano Zokhudza Kusunga Mphamvu ndi Kuchepetsa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu
1. Kukonza Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Pogwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi
- Furnace ya Internal Series Graphitization: Poyerekeza ndi ng'anjo zachikhalidwe za Acheson, izi zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi ndi 20%–30% potenthetsera ma electrode motsatizana ndi zinthu zotsutsana, kuchepetsa kutaya kutentha.
- Ukadaulo wa Graphitization Wotentha Kwambiri: Kupanga ma catalyst atsopano kapena kukonza njira zochizira kutentha kuti muchepetse kutentha kwa graphitization kuchokera pa 2,800°C mpaka pansi pa 2,600°C, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pa tani ndi 500–800 kWh.
- Njira Zowonzetsera Kutentha kwa Zinyalala: Kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa zinyalala mu uvuni pogwiritsa ntchito graphitization potenthetsera zinthu zopangira kapena kupanga magetsi kumawonjezera mphamvu ya kutentha ndi 10%–15%.
2. Kusintha Mafuta Ophikira
Kusintha mafuta olemera kapena mpweya wa malasha ndi mpweya wachilengedwe kumawonjezera mphamvu yoyaka ndi 20% ndipo kumachepetsa mpweya wa CO₂ ndi 15%–20%. Uvuni wophikira wothandiza kwambiri wokhala ndi ukadaulo wotenthetsera wosiyanasiyana umafupikitsa nthawi yophikira, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi 10%–15%.
3. Kuyika m'mimba ndi kubwezeretsanso zodzaza
Zinthu zosinthira zothira madzi (matani 0.5–0.8 pa tani imodzi ya ma electrode) zimatha kuchepetsa kuzungulira kwa kuthira madzi kudzera muukadaulo wothira madzi. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zothira madzi za coke kapena quartz sand fillers kumafika pa 90%, zomwe zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina.
III. Mbali ya Zipangizo: Kukweza Mwanzeru ndi Kwakukulu
1. Mafumbi Aakulu ndi Kuwongolera Kokha
Zitsulo zazikulu zamagetsi zamphamvu kwambiri (UHP) zokhala ndi makina owongolera impedance komanso kuyang'anira mkati mwa ng'anjo zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa kusweka kwa ma electrode kufika pansi pa 2% ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pa tani ndi 10%–15%. Makina anzeru operekera mphamvu amasintha mphamvu ya arc ndi ma current peaks kutengera ma grade achitsulo ndi njira zake, kupewa kutayika kwa okosijeni.
2. Kupanga Mzere Wosalekeza
Kupanga kosalekeza kuyambira kupyola zinthu zopangira mpaka kupangira makina kumachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pang'ono. Mwachitsanzo, kutentha kwa nthunzi kapena magetsi posakaniza kumachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pa tani imodzi kuchokera pa 80 kWh kufika pa 50 kWh.
IV. Kapangidwe ka Mphamvu: Mphamvu Yobiriwira ndi Kasamalidwe ka Mpweya Woipa
1. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Zongowonjezedwanso
Kumanga mafakitale m'madera okhala ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa kapena mphepo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi obiriwira pojambula (omwe ndi 80%–90% ya magetsi onse opangidwa) kungachepetse mpweya woipa wa carbon pa tani imodzi kuchokera pa 4.48 kufika pansi pa matani 1.5. Makina osungira mphamvu amayendetsa kusinthasintha kwa ma gridi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zobiriwira kukhale bwino.
2. Kutenga, Kugwiritsa Ntchito, ndi Kusunga Mpweya Woipa (CCUS)
Kugwira CO₂ yomwe imatulutsidwa panthawi yophika ndi graphitization kuti ipange lithiamu carbonate kapena mafuta opangidwa kumathandiza kuti kaboni ibwezeretsedwenso.
V. Ndondomeko ndi Mgwirizano wa Mafakitale
1. Kulamulira Mphamvu ndi Kuphatikiza Makampani
Kuchepetsa mphamvu zatsopano zomwe zimadya mphamvu zambiri komanso kulimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa makampani (monga gawo la msika la Fangda Carbon la 17.18%) kumagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Kulimbikitsa kuphatikizana kwa vertical, monga Fangda Carbon's self-investing coke ndi needle coke 67.8%, kumachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zoyendera zinthu zopangira.
2. Kugulitsa Kaboni ndi Ndalama Zosamalira Zachilengedwe
Kuphatikiza mtengo wa kaboni pamitengo ya zinthu kumalimbikitsa kuchepetsa mpweya woipa. Mwachitsanzo, pambuyo poti Japan yayamba kufufuza za kukana kutaya zinthu pa ma electrode a graphite aku China, makampani akumaloko adasintha ukadaulo kuti achepetse msonkho wa kaboni. Kupereka ma bond obiriwira kumathandizira njira zosungira mphamvu, monga kampani imodzi kuchepetsa chiŵerengero chake cha ngongole ndi katundu kudzera mu kusinthana kwa ngongole ndi equity ndikuthandizira kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha furnace ya graphitization yotsika kutentha.
VI. Phunziro la Nkhani: Zotsatira za Kuchepetsa Utsi wa Ma Electrode a Chenzhou a 600mm
Njira Yaukadaulo: Kukonza chiŵerengero cha singano ya coke + ng'anjo yamkati ya graphitization + kubwezeretsa kutentha kotayika.
Kuyerekeza Deta:
- Kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi: Kuchepetsedwa kuchoka pa 5,500 kWh/ton kufika pa 4,200 kWh/ton (↓23.6%).
- Mpweya woipa wa kaboni: Wachepetsedwa kuchoka pa matani 4.48/tani kufika pa matani 1.2/tani (↓73.2%).
- Mtengo: Mtengo wa mphamvu ya unit unachepa ndi 18%, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti mpikisano wa msika ukhale wolimba.
Mapeto
Kudzera mu kukonza bwino zinthu zopangira, kupanga zinthu zatsopano, kukweza zida, kusintha kwa mphamvu, ndi kugwirizanitsa mfundo, kupanga ma electrode a graphite kungachepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi 20%–30% komanso kuchepetsa mpweya woipa wa carbon ndi 50%–70%. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa graphitization yotsika kutentha komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zobiriwira, makampaniwa akukonzekera kutulutsa mpweya wa carbon kwambiri pofika chaka cha 2030 ndikukwaniritsa kusagwirizana ndi mpweya wa carbon pofika chaka cha 2060.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-06-2025