Mavuto okhudzana ndi mpweya woipa womwe umabwera chifukwa cha kupanga ma electrode a graphite amatha kuthetsedwa mokwanira kudzera mu kuphatikiza kwa ukadaulo, kukonza njira, ndi njira zoyendetsera mphamvu, monga momwe zafotokozedwera pansipa:
I. Kukweza Ukadaulo: Zipangizo Zogwira Ntchito Mwapamwamba ndi Kusintha Mphamvu Yoyera
1. Kubwerezabwereza kwa Ukadaulo wa Utoto wa Graphitization
Ziwiya zachikhalidwe za Acheson zimadya mpaka 3,200-4,800 kWh pa tani imodzi ya ma electrode a graphite, ndipo kutentha kwake kumasinthasintha kwambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ziwonongeke. Kugwiritsa ntchito ziwiya za Longitudinal Graphitization (LWG) kungachepetse nthawi yotenthetsera mpaka maola 9-15, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi ndi 20%-30%, ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale kukana kofanana. Mwachitsanzo, Xinjiang East Hope Carbon Project inachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pa tani imodzi ya ma electrode ndi pafupifupi 300 kWh pogwiritsa ntchito ziwiya za LWG, zomwe zinachepetsa mpweya wa carbon m'njira ina.
2. Kulowa M'malo mwa Mphamvu Yoyera
Kupanga ma toni imodzi ya ma electrode a graphite kumadya matani pafupifupi 1.7 a malasha wamba ndipo kumatulutsa matani 4.5 a CO₂. Kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi obiriwira (monga mphamvu ya dzuwa kapena ya mphepo) kuyendetsa uvuni wa graphitization kumathandiza kuchepetsa utsi woipa mwachindunji. Mwachitsanzo, mabizinesi ena ku Inner Mongolia awonjezera kuchuluka kwa magetsi obiriwira kufika pa 50% kudzera mu mapulojekiti ophatikiza "source-grid-load-storage", kuchepetsa mpweya woipa wa carbon pa tani iliyonse ya ma electrode ndi 40%.
3. Njira Zowonzetsera Kutentha ndi Zinyalala
Kuyika ma boiler otenthetsera zinyalala m'magawo ophikira ndi graphitization kumabwezeretsa mpweya wotentha kwambiri (200-800°C) kuti upange nthunzi yotenthetsera kapena kupanga magetsi. Shanxi Taigu Baoguang Carbon Project idasunga matani pafupifupi 2,000 a malasha wamba pachaka ndipo idachepetsa mpweya wa CO₂ ndi matani 5,200 kudzera mu kubwezeretsa kutentha kwa zinyalala.
II. Kukonza Njira: Kuchepetsa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zinthu Zopangira ndi Mphamvu
1. Kukonzekera Zinthu Zosaphika Bwino
- Gawo Lowerengera: Yang'anirani mphamvu za petroleum coke (kuchuluka kwenikweni ≥ 2.07 g/cm³, kukana ≤ 550 μΩ·m) kuti muchepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pambuyo pake.
- Njira Yopangira Impregnation: Kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zagulitsidwa ndikuchepetsa ma porosity kudzera mu "kuphika katatu ndi kuphika kanayi" kapena "kuphika kawiri ndi kuphika katatu." Mwachitsanzo, kukwaniritsa kuchuluka kwa kulemera kwachiwiri kwa ≥9% kungachepetse nthawi yophika mobwerezabwereza ndikusunga mphamvu ndi 15%-20%.
2. Kupanga Kutentha Kochepa ndi Kufupikitsa Njira Yoyendera
Gwiritsani ntchito njira zopangira zinthu zotentha pang'ono (monga kutulutsa zinthu pa 90-120°C) kuti muchepetse mpweya woipa komanso kuchepetsa kutentha kwa kuphika komwe kumachitika pambuyo pake. Nthawi yomweyo, konzani bwino njira zopangira zinthu kuti muchepetse nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito zinthu zopangira mpaka zinthu zomalizidwa, ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri.
3. Kubwezeretsanso Mpweya Wotayira
Mpweya wotuluka mu uvuni wophikira womwe uli ndi zinthu zoyaka monga CO ndi H₂ ukhoza kuyeretsedwa ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito m'makina otenthetsera. Xinjiang East Hope Project inapulumutsa pafupifupi 300,000 m³ ya mpweya wachilengedwe pachaka ndipo inachepetsa mpweya wa CO₂ ndi matani 600 kudzera muukadaulo wobwezeretsanso mpweya wotayira.
III. Kuyang'anira Mphamvu: Kusintha kwa digito ndi chuma chozungulira
1. Machitidwe Oyang'anira Mphamvu Anzeru
Gwiritsani ntchito masensa a IoT kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yeniyeni (monga magetsi ndi kutentha) pagawo lonse lopanga, ndikukonza magawo a zida pogwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms a AI. Mwachitsanzo, kampani ina inachepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito ya graphitization furnace ndi 30% kudzera mukuwunika mwanzeru, ndikusunga pafupifupi 500,000 kWh yamagetsi pachaka.
2. Kutenga, Kugwiritsa Ntchito, ndi Kusunga Mpweya Woipa (CCUS)
Ikani zipangizo zojambulira mpweya m'malo otulutsira mpweya wa graphitization furnace flue kuti muchepetse CO₂ kuti ilowe pansi pa nthaka kapena mugwiritse ntchito ngati mankhwala. Ngakhale kuti pakali pano pali ndalama zambiri (pafupifupi 300-600 RMB/ton CO₂), CCUS ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yochepetsera mpweya wa carbon dioxide m'thupi.
3. Zitsanzo Zachuma Chozungulira
- Kutaya Madzi Otayira: Sambani madzi otayira m'nyumba kuti agwiritsidwenso ntchito potsuka mpweya woipa kapena kukonza malo, pamene mukugwiritsa ntchito madzi otayira opangira zinthu. Pulojekiti ya Shanxi Taigu sinapeze madzi otayira, zomwe zinapulumutsa matani pafupifupi 100,000 a madzi pachaka.
- Kubwezeretsanso Zinyalala Zolimba: Kubwezeretsa fumbi losonkhanitsidwa m'matumba (pafupifupi matani 344 pachaka) ndi zinyalala zopera (pafupifupi matani 500 pachaka) ku mzere wopanga, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangira ndi kutulutsa zinyalala chifukwa cha kuyeretsa zinyalala.
IV. Ndondomeko ndi Mgwirizano wa Msika: Kuyendetsa Kusintha kwa Makampani
1. Kukhazikitsa Miyezo Yotsika Kwambiri Yotulutsa Mpweya
Tsatirani miyezo mongaMuyezo wa Zowononga Zamakampani a Aluminiyamu(GB25465-2010), kulamula kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono, SO₂, ndi NOx zikhale ≤10 mg/m³, ≤35 mg/m³, ndi ≤50 mg/m³, motsatana, kuti zilimbikitse kukweza kwaukadaulo.
2. Zolimbikitsa Msika Wogulitsa Mpweya Wopanda Kaboni
Phatikizani kupanga ma electrode a graphite pamsika wa dziko lonse wa carbon kuti pakhale zopinga zachuma kudzera mu malonda a carbon quota. Mwachitsanzo, ngati bizinesi imachepetsa mpweya woipa wa carbon pa tani imodzi ya ma electrode kuchokera pa matani 4.5 kufika pa matani 3, ikhoza kupindula pogulitsa quota yochulukirapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwabwino kwa kuchepetsa mpweya woipa.
3. Satifiketi Yogulitsa Zinthu Zobiriwira
Opanga zitsulo m'mphepete mwa nyanja amatha kusankha kugula ma electrode a graphite otsika mpweya kuti alimbikitse opanga akumtunda kuti achepetse mpweya woipa. Mwachitsanzo, fakitale ina yamagetsi yachitsulo ya arc furnace inafuna kuti ogulitsa akwaniritse matani ≤3.5 a mpweya wa CO₂ pa tani imodzi ya ma electrode, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtengo wa 10% ukhale wapamwamba kwa osatsatira malamulo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-12-2025