Kujambula zithunzi, monga njira yaikulu yopangira, nthawi zambiri kumachitika m'mitundu inayi ya zida: ng'anjo ya Acheson graphitization, ng'anjo yamkati ya graphitization, ng'anjo ya graphitization yamtundu wa bokosi, ndi ng'anjo yopitilira ya graphitization. Kusanthula kwapadera kuli motere:
Ng'anjo ya Acheson Graphitization
Monga chida chodziwika bwino, chimagwiritsa ntchito mfundo yotenthetsera yolimba kuti chikweze kutentha kufika pa 2,800-3,000°C, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhale choyenera kupanga graphite yoyera kwambiri. Mtundu wa ng'anjo iyi uli ndi kapangidwe kosavuta komanso kolimba. Komabe, ili ndi zovuta monga nthawi yayitali yopangira, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri (pafupifupi 4,000-4,800 kWh/t), komanso kusagwira ntchito bwino. Pakadali pano, makampani monga Putailai ndi Shanshan akugwiritsabe ntchito ukadaulo uwu ndipo awonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mwa kukonza chiŵerengero cha zinthu zolimba komanso kukulitsa kapangidwe ka insulation.
Ng'anjo Yopangira Zithunzi Zamkati
Uvuni uwu umatentha mwachindunji kudzera mu ma electrode okha, kuchotsa kufunikira kwa zinthu zotsutsana kuti zipange kutentha. Umapereka zabwino monga kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kutentha kwambiri, nthawi yochepa yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu (maola 1-2 okha panthawi ya kutentha kwambiri), komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa (pafupifupi 3,300-4,000 kWh/t). Mitundu ya uvuniwu ikuphatikizapo mtundu wa I, mtundu wa U, mtundu wa W, ndi mtundu wa plum-blossom, ndipo mtundu wa U ndi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Makampani opanga kaboni ku Germany, United States, ndi Japan agwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu pamlingo waukulu popanga ma electrode akuluakulu a graphite amphamvu kwambiri. Komabe, kutentha kwake kwakukulu kwa uvuni (pafupifupi 2,800°C) ndi kotsika pang'ono kuposa kwa uvuni wa Acheson.
Ng'anjo Yopangira Graphitization ya Mtundu wa Bokosi
Ukadaulo uwu umagwiritsa ntchito mbale za kaboni kapena graphite popanga kapangidwe ka bokosi, pogwiritsa ntchito zinthuzo ngati chinthu chotenthetsera cholimba m'malo mwa zinthu zachikhalidwe zotsutsana ndi coke. Mwa kukonza bwino kugawa kwa mphamvu ya kutentha, zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Komabe, zimakumana ndi mavuto monga kukhuthala kwa zinthu, kutentha kochepa, komanso kugawa kutentha kosagwirizana mkati mwa uvuni. Makampani monga Hebei Kuntian ndi Shanshan Co., Ltd. ali ndi ma patent oyenera ndipo asintha kusinthasintha kwa zinthu mwa kukulitsa kutseka kwa bokosi ndikukonza mphamvu yolowera.
Ng'anjo Yopitilira ya Graphitization
Uvuni uwu umathandiza kuti zinthu zizigwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza, kutentha kwambiri (2,500-3,000°C), komanso kuziziritsa. Umapereka zabwino monga kupanga bwino kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, komanso kudzipangira zinthu zokha. Kuwongolera kutentha kumachitika kudzera mu kutentha kolimba (njira yotenthetsera kunja) kapena kudzitenthetsera wekha (njira yotenthetsera mkati). Komabe, njira yotenthetsera mkati ndi yovuta kwambiri kugwira ntchito chifukwa cha kudzitenthetsera wekha komanso kuyenda kwa zinthuzo. Makampani monga Kuntian ndi BTR akulimbikitsa kukula kwa ukadaulo uwu, womwe ukuyembekezeka kusintha njira zopangira nthawi ndi nthawi mtsogolo.
Zochitika Zamakampani ndi Malangizo Osankha Zipangizo
- Kukonza Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu: Zitofu zamkati ndi zamtundu wa bokosi zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mwa kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zotetezera, pomwe zitofu zopitilira zimawonjezera magwiridwe antchito kudzera mu kubwezeretsa kutentha, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kufunikira kwa kupanga kotsika mtengo pansi pa zolinga zosagwirizana ndi mpweya.
- Kupititsa patsogolo Mphamvu: Uvuni wopitilira umathandiza kupanga zinthu mosalekeza kwa maola 24, ndipo mphamvu ya mzere umodzi imafika matani 10,000, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zipangizo zachikhalidwe zitheke kupitirira katatu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera makampani akuluakulu opanga zinthu za anode.
- Ubwino wa Zinthu: Ng'anjo ya Acheson imakondedwa kwambiri popanga graphite yapamwamba chifukwa cha kutentha kwake kofanana, pomwe ng'anjo yopitilira imakwaniritsa zofunikira zolimba za batri yamagetsi kudzera mukuwongolera kutentha molondola.
- Kubwerezabwereza kwa Ukadaulo: Njira zatsopano monga microwave graphitization ndi plasma graphitization zikufufuzidwa ndi kupangidwa, zomwe zitha kuswa malire a kutentha kwa 3,000°C ndikuchepetsa nthawi yokonza mtsogolo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-10-2025