Mfundo ya graphitization imaphatikizapo kutentha kwambiri (2300–3000°C), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maatomu a kaboni osasinthika, osasinthika akhale mawonekedwe a kristalo ya graphite yokhazikika m'magawo atatu. Chimake cha njirayi chili pakukonzanso lattice ya hexagonal kudzera mu SP² hybridization ya maatomu a kaboni, omwe angagawidwe m'magawo atatu:
Gawo Lokula la Microcrystalline (1000–1800°C):
Mu kutentha kumeneku, zinthu zosafunika zomwe zili mu kaboni (monga zitsulo zosungunuka pang'ono, sulfure, ndi phosphorous) zimayamba kuphwanyika ndi kusinthasintha, pomwe kapangidwe kake ka zigawo za kaboni kamakula pang'onopang'ono. Kutalika kwa ma microcrystals kumawonjezeka kuchokera pa ~1 nanometer yoyambirira mpaka 10 nanometers, zomwe zimayika maziko a dongosolo lotsatira.
Gawo Lolinganiza la Magawo Atatu (1800–2500°C):
Pamene kutentha kukukwera, kusalingana pakati pa zigawo za kaboni kumachepa, ndipo mtunda wa pakati pa zigawo umachepa pang'onopang'ono kufika pa 0.343–0.346 nanometers (kufikira mtengo woyenera wa graphite wa 0.335 nanometers). Mlingo wa graphitization umawonjezeka kuchoka pa 0 mpaka 0.9, ndipo zinthuzo zimayamba kuwonetsa makhalidwe osiyana a graphite, monga kuyendetsa magetsi ndi kutentha kwambiri.
Gawo la Kukwanira kwa Makristalo (2500–3000°C):
Pa kutentha kwakukulu, ma microcrystals amakonzedwanso, ndipo zolakwika za lattice (monga malo opanda kanthu ndi kusokonekera) zimakonzedwa pang'onopang'ono, pomwe digiri ya graphitization ikuyandikira 1.0 (kristalo yoyenera). Pakadali pano, kukana kwamagetsi kwa chinthucho kumatha kuchepa ndi nthawi 4-5, kuyendetsa kwa kutentha kumakwera ndi nthawi pafupifupi 10, coefficient of linear expansion imatsika ndi 50-80%, ndipo kukhazikika kwa mankhwala kumawonjezeka kwambiri.
Mphamvu yotenthetsera kwambiri ndiyo mphamvu yofunika kwambiri yopangira graphitization, kugonjetsa chotchinga cha mphamvu chokonzeranso maatomu a kaboni ndikulola kusintha kuchoka pa chinthu chosakhazikika kupita ku kapangidwe kokonzedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonjezera ma catalyst (monga boron, iron, kapena ferrosilicon) kungachepetse kutentha kwa graphitization ndikulimbikitsa kufalikira kwa maatomu a kaboni ndi mapangidwe a lattice. Mwachitsanzo, pamene ferrosilicon ili ndi 25% silicon, kutentha kwa graphitization kumatha kuchepetsedwa kuchokera pa 2500–3000°C mpaka 1500°C, ndikupanga hexagonal silicon carbide kuti ithandize kupanga graphite.
Kufunika kwa graphitization kumawonekera mu kukulitsa kwathunthu kwa katundu wazinthu:
- Kuyendetsa Magetsi: Pambuyo pa graphitization, kukana kwa magetsi kwa chinthucho kumachepa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhale chokhacho chomwe sichili chachitsulo chomwe chili ndi kuyendetsa bwino magetsi.
- Kuyendetsa Matenthedwe: Kuyendetsa matenthedwe kumawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi nthawi 10, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa matenthedwe.
- Kukhazikika kwa Mankhwala: Kukana kwa okosijeni ndi kukana dzimbiri kumawonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ya chipangizocho ipitirire.
- Kapangidwe ka Makina: Ngakhale kuti mphamvu zimatha kuchepa, kapangidwe ka machubu amatha kukonzedwanso kudzera mu kuyika m'mimba, kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa machubu komanso kukana kuwonongeka.
- Kuonjezera Chiyero: Zinyalala zimasinthasintha kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zimachepetsa phulusa la zinthu pafupifupi nthawi 300 ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira za chiyero chapamwamba.
Mwachitsanzo, mu zinthu za lithiamu-ion batire anode, graphitization ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakukonzekera ma graphite anode opangidwa. Kudzera mu graphitization, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, kukhazikika kwa kayendedwe ka zinthu, ndi magwiridwe antchito a anode zimawonjezeka kwambiri, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito a batire yonse. Graphite ina yachilengedwe imathandizidwanso kutentha kwambiri kuti iwonjezere kuchuluka kwake kwa graphitization, potero imakulitsa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndi mphamvu zotulutsa mphamvu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-09-2025