"Kugawa mphamvu" kwakhala nkhani yodziwika kwambiri ku China kuyambira Seputembala. Chifukwa cha "kugawa mphamvu" ndi kulimbikitsa cholinga cha "kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni" ndi kuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyambira pachiyambi cha chaka chino, pali nkhani zosiyanasiyana zamitengo ya mankhwala zomwe zatuluka imodzi motsatizana, pakati pa zomwe graphite electrode, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri mumakampani achitsulo, sichinalandiridwe bwino pamsika chaka chino, komanso makampani achitsulo ndi kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni.
Unyolo wa mafakitale: umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zitsulo
Ma electrode a graphite ndi mtundu wa zinthu zoyendetsera graphite zomwe zimapirira kutentha kwambiri, ma electrode a graphite amatha kupanga magetsi ndi magetsi, kuti asungunuke chitsulo chotayira mu ng'anjo yophulika kapena zinthu zina zopangira kuti apange chitsulo ndi zinthu zina zachitsulo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga chitsulo. Ma electrode a graphite ndi mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi resistivity yochepa komanso kukana kutentha kwa kutentha mu ng'anjo yamagetsi. Makhalidwe akuluakulu a kupanga ma electrode a graphite ndi nthawi yayitali yopangira (nthawi zambiri imatenga miyezi itatu mpaka isanu), kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri komanso njira yovuta yopangira.
Mkhalidwe wa unyolo wa graphite electrode m'mafakitale:
Makampani opanga ma electrode a graphite omwe amagwiritsa ntchito unyolo wokwera m'mphepete mwa nyanja makamaka a petroleum coke, needle coke, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopangira zomwe zimawononga ndalama zopangira ma electrode a graphite ndi kwakukulu, kumaposa 65%, chifukwa cha ukadaulo ndi ukadaulo wa China wopanga ma electrode a needle coke poyerekeza ndi Japan ndi mayiko ena pakadali pano pali kusiyana kwakukulu, mtundu wa needle coke wapakhomo ndi wovuta kuonetsetsa, kotero kudalira kwa China kutengera zinthu zakunja pa needle coke yapamwamba kukadali kwakukulu, Mu 2018, kupezeka konse kwa needle coke ku China kunali matani 418,000, omwe matani 218,000 adatumizidwa kunja, zomwe zimaposa 50%. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kwa ma electrode a graphite pansi ndi kupanga zitsulo za eAF.
Ma electrode a graphite amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyenga zitsulo ndi zitsulo. Kukula kwa makampani opanga ma electrode a graphite ku China kukugwirizana ndi kusintha kwa makampani opanga zitsulo ndi zitsulo aku China. Ma electrode a graphite aku China adayamba m'ma 1950. Warburg Securities yagawa chitukuko cha ma electrode a graphite ku China m'magawo atatu:
1. Inayamba kupanga zinthu mu 1995 — kupanga zinthu zambiri mu 2011;
2. Kusiyana kwa mabizinesi kudakula mu 2013 — chuma chidakwera kwambiri mu 2017;
3. Chaka cha 2018 chili panjira yotsika — nkhondo zamitengo zikuyambika mu 2019.
Kupereka ndi kufunikira: kufunikira kwa chitsulo chamagetsi cha ng'anjo kumawerengera ambiri
Ponena za kutulutsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, malinga ndi kusanthula kwa Frost Sullivan, kupanga ma electrode a graphite ku China kunachepa kuchoka pa matani 0.53 miliyoni mu 2015 kufika pa matani 0.50 miliyoni mu 2016, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti zinthu zatsika. Mu 2020, mliriwu unakhudza kwambiri ntchito za opanga chifukwa cha zoletsa zoyang'anira maola ogwirira ntchito, kusokonezeka kwa antchito komanso kusintha kwa njira zogwirira ntchito.
Zotsatira zake, kupanga ma electrode a graphite ku China kwatsika kwambiri. Ikuyembekeza kuti kupanga kudzafika pa 1,142.6 kilotons mu 2025, ndi cagR ya pafupifupi 9.7% kuyambira 2020 mpaka 2025, pamene ntchito zikuyambiranso komanso mfundo za oyang'anira pakupanga zitsulo za eAF zatsika kwambiri.
Kotero zimenezo ndi zotuluka, kenako kugwiritsa ntchito. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma electrode a grafiti ku China kunayamba kukwera kuyambira mu 2016, kufika pa matani 0.59 miliyoni mu 2020, ndi cagR ya 10.3% kuyambira 2015 mpaka 2020. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma electrode a grafiti kukuyembekezeka kufika pa matani 0.94 miliyoni mu 2025. Pansipa pali kulosera kwatsatanetsatane kwa bungweli za kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma electrode a grafiti.
Kutulutsa kwa ma electrode a graphite kumagwirizana ndi kwa chitsulo cha EAF. Kukula kwa kutulutsa kwa chitsulo cha EAF kudzapangitsa kuti ma electrode a graphite afunike mtsogolo. China idapanga matani 127.4 miliyoni a chitsulo cha eaf ndi matani 742,100 a ma electrode a graphite mu 2019, malinga ndi World Iron and Steel Association ndi China Carbon Industry Association. Kutulutsa ndi kukula kwa ma electrode a graphite ku China zikugwirizana kwambiri ndi kutulutsa ndi kukula kwa chitsulo cha eAF ku China.
Mu 2019 ndi 2020, kufunikira konse kwa chitsulo cha eAF ndi chitsulo chosakhala cha EAF padziko lonse lapansi ndi matani 1.376,800 ndi matani 1.472,300 motsatana. Warburg Securities ikuneneratu kuti kufunikira konse kwapadziko lonse lapansi kudzakwera kwambiri m'zaka zisanu zikubwerazi ndikufikira matani pafupifupi 2.104,400 mu 2025. Kufunika kwa chitsulo chamagetsi cha ng'anjo ndi komwe kwachititsa kuti chikhale chachikulu, chomwe chikuyembekezeka kufika matani 1,809,500 mu 2025.
Poyerekeza ndi kupanga zitsulo zophulika mu uvuni, kupanga zitsulo zophulika mu uvuni wamagetsi kuli ndi ubwino woonekeratu mu mpweya woipa wa carbon. Poyerekeza ndi kupanga zitsulo zophulika mu chitsulo, kupanga zitsulo zolemera tani imodzi ya chitsulo chodulidwa kumatha kuchepetsa mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide ndi matani atatu a zinyalala zolimba. Kafukufuku wa brokerage akuti chitsulo chophulika mu uvuni wamagetsi ndi chitsulo chophulika mu uvuni pa tani imodzi ya mpweya woipa wa carbon mu mulingo wa 0.5:1.9. Ofufuza za brokerage adati, "kukula kwa chitsulo chophulika mu uvuni wamagetsi kuyenera kukhala njira yodziwika bwino."
Mu Meyi, Unduna wa Zamakampani ndi Ukadaulo wa Chidziwitso udapereka Chidziwitso pa Njira Zokhazikitsira Kusintha Mphamvu mu Makampani a Iron ndi Steel, chomwe chidakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo pa June 1. Njira zokhazikitsira mphamvu zidzakulitsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zitsulo zomwe zasinthidwa ndikukulitsa madera ofunikira popewa ndi kuwongolera kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya. Mabungwe amakhulupirira kuti njira yatsopano yosinthira mphamvu idzachepetsanso mphamvu yachitsulo, kuphatikiza makampani achitsulo kuti athetse mphamvu yochulukirapo. Nthawi yomweyo, kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosinthidwa yosinthira kudzafulumizitsa chitukuko cha eAF, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zitsulo za eAF kudzawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono.
Ma electrode a graphite ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ng'anjo yamagetsi, chomwe chimalimbikitsidwa ndi kufunikira kwa ng'anjo yamagetsi, kufunikira kwake kukuyembekezeka kukwera kwambiri, ma electrode a graphite amakhudzidwa ndi mtengo wake.
Kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa mitengo: makhalidwe ozungulira
Kuyambira 2014 mpaka 2016, msika wapadziko lonse wa ma electrode a graphite unatsika chifukwa cha kufunikira kochepa kwa zinthu zomwe zikufunika, ndipo mitengo ya ma electrode a graphite inakhalabe yotsika. Mu 2016, opanga ma electrode a graphite adachepetsa mphamvu ya mzere pansi pa mtengo wopanga, zinthu zachikhalidwe zinatsika, mu 2017 mfundo zinatha kuletsa ng'anjo ya DeTiaoGang yapakatikati, kuchuluka kwa chitsulo chodulidwa mu ng'anjo yachitsulo, makampani opanga ma electrode a graphite ku China mu theka lachiwiri la 2017 akuwonjezeka, chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa kufunikira kwa ma electrode a graphite needle coke pamitengo yazinthu zopangira zida kukwera kwambiri mu 2017, Mu 2019, idatifikira $3,769.9 pa tani, kukwera nthawi 5.7 kuchokera mu 2016.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-15-2021