1. Zipangizo Zosaphika
Coke (pafupifupi 75-80% ya zomwe zili)
Coke ya Petroleum
Coke ya petroleum ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga, ndipo imapangidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira coke ya singano ya anisotropic mpaka coke yamadzimadzi pafupifupi isotropic. Coke ya singano ya anisotropic, chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake, ndi yofunika kwambiri popanga ma electrode ogwira ntchito kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu uvuni wamagetsi, komwe kumafunika mphamvu zambiri zamagetsi, makina, ndi kutentha. Coke ya petroleum imapangidwa makamaka ndi njira yochepetsera kupangika kwa coke, yomwe ndi njira yochepetsera kupangika kwa carbon dioxide pang'onopang'ono kwa zotsalira za mafuta osakonzedwa.
Needle coke ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pofotokoza mtundu wapadera wa coke wokhala ndi graphitizability yapamwamba kwambiri chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake a turbostratic layer komanso mawonekedwe ake enieni.
Zomangira (pafupifupi 20-25% ya zomwe zili)
Malo opaka phula la malasha
Zinthu zomangira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonkhanitsa tinthu tolimba. Mphamvu yawo yonyowetsa kwambiri imasintha chisakanizocho kukhala pulasitiki kuti chipangidwe kapena kutulutsidwa pambuyo pake.
Chomera cha phula la malasha ndi chinthu chachilengedwe ndipo chili ndi kapangidwe kake ka zonunkhira. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mphete za benzene zomwe zimasinthidwa komanso zopindika, chili kale ndi kapangidwe ka hexagonal lattice ka graphite, motero chimapangitsa kuti graphite ipangidwe bwino panthawi ya graphitisation. Chomeracho chimakhala chothandiza kwambiri. Ndi zotsalira za distillation za phula la malasha.
2. KUSAKANIZA NDI KUCHOTSA
Coke wophwanyidwa amasakanizidwa ndi phula la malasha ndi zina zowonjezera kuti apange phala lofanana. Izi zimabweretsedwa mu silinda yotulutsira mpweya. Pa sitepe yoyamba mpweya uyenera kuchotsedwa pokanikiza. Kenako sitepe yeniyeni yotulutsira mpweya imatsatira pomwe chisakanizocho chimatulutsidwa kuti chipange electrode ya mainchesi ndi kutalika komwe mukufuna. Kuti muthe kusakaniza komanso makamaka njira yotulutsira mpweya (onani chithunzi kumanja) chisakanizocho chiyenera kukhala chokhuthala. Izi zimachitika pochisunga kutentha kwa pafupifupi 120°C (kutengera ndi phula) panthawi yonse yopanga zobiriwira. Mtundu woyambira uwu wokhala ndi mawonekedwe a cylindrical umadziwika kuti "electrode wobiriwira".
3. KUPHIKA
Mitundu iwiri ya uvuni wophikira ikugwiritsidwa ntchito:
Apa ndodo zotulutsidwa zimayikidwa m'mabokosi achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (saggers). Pofuna kupewa kusintha kwa ma electrode panthawi yotenthetsera, zotsalirazo zimadzazidwanso ndi chophimba choteteza cha mchenga. Zotsalirazo zimayikidwa pamapulatifomu a sitima (pansi pa magalimoto) ndikuzikulungidwa mu uvuni wachilengedwe - woyaka ndi gasi.
Mphete ya uvuni
Apa ma electrode amaikidwa m'khola la miyala pansi pa holo yopangira. Khola ili ndi gawo la dongosolo lozungulira la zipinda zoposa 10. Zipindazi zimalumikizidwa pamodzi ndi makina oyendera mpweya wotentha kuti asunge mphamvu. Malo opanda kanthu pakati pa ma electrode amadzazidwanso ndi mchenga kuti apewe kusintha. Panthawi yophika, pomwe phula limasinthidwa kukhala kaboni, kutentha kuyenera kulamulidwa mosamala chifukwa kutentha kufika pa 800°C, mpweya wofulumira ungayambitse kusweka kwa electrode.
Mu gawo ili ma electrode ali ndi kuchuluka kwa 1,55 - 1,60 kg/dm3.
4. KUTUMIZA MKATI
Ma electrode ophikidwawo amadzazidwa ndi pitch yapadera (pitch yamadzimadzi pa 200°C) kuti apatse mphamvu zambiri, mphamvu ya makina, komanso mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe angafunikire kuti athe kupirira zovuta zomwe zimachitika mkati mwa uvuni.
5. KUPHIKA KACHITATU
Kuphika kachiwiri, kapena "kuphikanso," kumafunika kuti mpweya ulowe m'madziwo ukhale ndi mpweya woipa komanso kuti zinthu zina zotsala zichotse mpweya woipa. Kutentha kwa kuphikanso kumafika pafupifupi 750°C. Mu gawo ili, ma electrode amatha kufika pamlingo wa 1,67 - 1,74 kg/dm3.
6. KUGWIRITSA NTCHITO NTCHITO
Ng'anjo ya Acheson
Gawo lomaliza popanga graphite ndikusintha kaboni wophikidwa kukhala graphite, wotchedwa graphitizing. Panthawi ya graphitizing, kaboni wokonzedwa kale (turbostratic carbon) umasinthidwa kukhala kapangidwe ka graphite kokonzedwa m'magawo atatu.
Ma electrode amaikidwa mu uvuni wamagetsi wozunguliridwa ndi tinthu ta kaboni kuti apange chinthu cholimba. Mphamvu yamagetsi imadutsa mu uvuni, zomwe zimapangitsa kutentha kufika pafupifupi 3000°C. Njirayi nthawi zambiri imachitika pogwiritsa ntchito ACHESON FURNACE kapena LENGTHWISE FURNACE (LWG).
Ndi ng'anjo ya Acheson, ma electrode amajambulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya batch, pomwe mu ng'anjo ya LWG, mzere wonse umajambulidwa nthawi yomweyo.
7. KUCHITA MACHINI
Ma electrode a graphite (atatha kuziziritsidwa) amapangidwa molingana ndi kukula ndi kulekerera komwe kulipo. Gawoli lingaphatikizeponso kukonza ndi kuyika malekezero (masoketi) a ma electrode ndi njira yolumikizira ya graphite pin (nipple).
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-08-2021