Mu 1955, Jilin Carbon Factory, bizinesi yoyamba ya graphite electrode ku China, idayamba kugwira ntchito mothandizidwa ndi akatswiri aukadaulo ochokera kumayiko omwe kale anali Soviet Union. M'mbiri ya chitukuko cha graphite electrode, pali zilembo ziwiri zaku China.
graphite elekitirodi, kutentha kugonjetsedwa ndi graphite zakuthupi, ali ndi katundu wabwino kwambiri kuchititsa panopa ndi kupanga magetsi, makamaka ntchito kupangazitsulo.
Kumbuyo kwa kukwera kwazinthu zambiri, ma elekitirodi a graphite achaka chino sakhala opanda ntchito. Mtengo wapakati wa msika wa graphite electrode unali 21393 yuan/tani,mpaka 51%kuyambira nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha. Chifukwa cha izi, zoweta graphite elekitirodi m'bale wamkulu (msika gawo oposa 20%) - Fang Da carbon (600516) m'magawo atatu oyambirira a chaka chino ntchito ndalama za yuan biliyoni 3.57, chaka ndi chaka kukula kwa 37% , kubwerera ku kukula kwa phindu la amayi la 118%. Kupambana kochititsa chidwi kumeneku kudakopa mabungwe opitilira 30 kuti afufuze sabata yatha, pomwe pali mabungwe ambiri osonkhanitsira ndalama aboma monga Efonda ndi Harvest.
Ndipo abwenzi amene amalabadira makampani magetsi mphamvu zonse amadziwa kuti pansi pa nkhonya chitsulo cha kachisi mphamvu mphamvu kawiri kulamulira, mowa mkulu mphamvu ndi mkulu kuipitsa mafakitale anasiya kupanga ndi shutdown. Mphero zachitsulo monga mabizinesi apamwamba awiri ayeneranso kukhala ndi gawo lalikulu mu chitsulo cha hebei ndipo chigawo chachitsulo ndichodziwika kwambiri. Malinga ndi chowonadi, kupanga chitsulo chochepa, kufunikira kwa electrode ya graphite kudzatsikanso, ndi zala zomwe zingaganizire, mitengo ya graphite electrode iyenera kutsika ah.
1. Popanda maelekitirodi a graphite, ng'anjo zamagetsi zamagetsi sizigwira ntchito
Kuti mumve zambiri za ma electrode a graphite, ndikofunikira kuti mutsegule unyolo wamakampani kuti muwone pang'ono. Kumtunda, ma elekitirodi a graphite kupita ku petroleum coke, singano coke zinthu ziwiri zamankhwala monga zopangira, kudzera mukukonzekera 11 zovuta,1 tani ya elekitirodi graphite amafunikira matani 1.02 a zipangizo, kupanga mkombero wa masiku oposa 50, ndalama zakuthupi anali oposa 65%.
Monga ndanenera, ma electrode a graphite amayendetsa magetsi. Malinga ndi kachulukidwe kovomerezeka, ma electrode a graphite amathanso kugawidwamphamvu zokhazikika, mphamvu zapamwamba komanso mphamvu zochulukirapoma electrode a graphite. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma elekitirodi imakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana akuthupi ndi mamankhwala.
Pansi pa mtsinjewu, ma electrode a graphite amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ng'anjo za arc, silicon yamakampani ndiphosphorous yachikasukupanga, kupanga zitsulo nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupifupi80%pakugwiritsa ntchito maelekitirodi a graphite, mtengo waposachedwa makamaka chifukwa chamakampani opanga zitsulo. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndi kuchuluka kwa zitsulo zamphamvu kwambiri za EAF zotsika mtengo, ma elekitirodi a graphite akupanganso mphamvu zochulukirapo, zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino kuposa mphamvu wamba. Omwe amalamuliraultra high power graphite electrodeluso, amene adzatsogolera msika mtsogolo. Pakadali pano, opanga 10 apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi opanga ma elekitirodi amphamvu kwambiri a graphite amatenga pafupifupi 44.4% ya ma elekitirodi amphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Msikawu ndi wokhazikika, ndipo dziko lotsogola kwambiri ndi Japan.
Kuti mumvetse bwino zotsatirazi, apa ndikufotokozera mwachidule njira yopangira zitsulo. Nthawi zambiri, kusungunula chitsulo ndi chitsulo kumagawidwa kukhalang'anjo yamotonding'anjo yamagetsi yamagetsi: woyamba adzakhala chitsulo ore, coke ndi zina smelting nkhumba chitsulo, ndiyeno kuchuluka kwa mpweya kuwomba Converter, chitsulo chosungunuka decarbonization mu madzi zitsulo steelmaking. Winayo amapezerapo mwayi pazamagetsi komanso kutentha kwa ma elekitirodi a graphite kusungunula chitsulo chotsalira ndikuchipanga kukhala chitsulo.
Choncho, graphite elekitirodi kwa EAF zitsulo kupanga, monga PVDF kwa lithiamu anode, kufunika si zambiri (1 tani zitsulo amadya yekha 1.2-2.5kg graphite elekitirodi), koma kwenikweni sizingatheke popanda iye. Ndipo sipadzakhala wolowa m'malo posachedwa.
2. Awiri carbon moto, anatsanulira graphite elekitirodi mphamvu
Osati zitsulo zokha, kupanga ma elekitirodi a graphite ndikugwiritsanso ntchito mphamvu zambiri komanso mafakitale otulutsa mpweya wambiri, kukulitsa kwamtsogolo kwamphamvu sikukhala ndi chiyembekezo. Kupanga tani imodzi ya elekitirodi ya graphite kumawononga pafupifupi matani 1.7 a malasha wamba, ndipo ngati asinthidwa kukhala matani 2.66 a carbon dioxide pa tani imodzi ya malasha wamba, tani imodzi ya graphite electrode imatulutsa pafupifupi matani 4.5 a carbon dioxide kupita mumlengalenga. Inner Mongolia savomerezanso pulojekiti ya graphite electrode chaka chino ndi umboni wabwino.
Motsogozedwa ndi chandamale chapawiri cha kaboni komanso mutu wobiriwira, kutulutsa kwapachaka kwa ma elekitirodi a graphite kudatsikanso koyamba m'zaka zinayi. Mu 2017, kuchira kwa msika wachitsulo wa eAF padziko lonse lapansi, kuyendetsa kufunikira kwa ma elekitirodi a graphite, osewera a graphite electrode achulukitsa kupanga ndi kukulitsa mphamvu, ma elekitirodi a Graphite ku China kuyambira 2017 mpaka 2019 adawonetsa kukula kwakukulu.
Zomwe zimatchedwa kuzungulira, ndikudya nyama zakumtunda, kunsi kwa mtsinje kumadya Zakudyazi.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ndalama komanso kupanga ma elekitirodi a graphite m'makampani, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti msika ukhale wochulukirachulukira, zidatsegula njira yotsika yamakampani, chilolezo chazinthu zakhala nyimbo yayikulu. Mu 2020, linanena bungwe lonse la elekitirodi graphite padziko lonse utachepa ndi matani 340,000, pansi mpaka 22%, China linanena bungwe la elekitirodi graphite komanso utachepa kuchokera matani 800,000 kuti 730,000 matani, linanena bungwe chaka chino kwenikweni akuyembekezeka kuchepa.
Usiku wina mmbuyo tisanamasulidwa.
Mphamvu zopanga sizikukwera, kulibe ndalama (zotsika mtengo), mitengo yamafuta ikukwera. Petroleum coke, singano coke posachedwapa pa sabata pamwamba 300-600 yuan/ton. Kuphatikiza kwa atatuwa kumasiya osewera a graphite ndi njira imodzi yokha, yomwe ndi kukweza mitengo. Wamba, zamphamvu kwambiri, zokwera kwambiri zamagetsi atatu a graphite electrode zidawonjezera mtengo. Malinga ndi lipoti la Baichuan Yingfu, ngakhale mtengo ukukwera, msika waku China wa graphite elekitirodi akadali osowa, opanga ena pafupifupi palibe ma graphite elekitirodi, kuchuluka kwa ntchito kumapitilira kukwera.
3. Kusintha kwachitsulo, kwa graphite elekitirodi lotseguka m'lingaliro malo
Ngati kupanga malire, kukwera kwa mtengo ndi kusapindula ndizomwe zimayambitsa kukwera kwa mtengo wa maelekitirodi a graphite pambuyo pa kuzungulira kwapansi, kusintha kwa mafakitale azitsulo kumatsegula malingaliro a kukwera kwa mtengo wamtsogolo wa ma electrode apamwamba a graphite.
Pakali pano, pafupifupi 90% ya zitsulo zapakhomo zimachokera ku ng'anjo yamoto yopangira zitsulo (coke), yomwe imakhala ndi mpweya wambiri. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ndi zofunikira za dziko za kusintha kwazitsulo ndi kukweza, kupulumutsa mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa mpweya, ena opanga zitsulo asintha kuchoka ku ng'anjo yophulika kupita ku ng'anjo yamagetsi yamagetsi. Ndondomeko zoyenera zomwe zinayambika chaka chatha zikuwonetsanso kuti zitsulo zotulutsa ng'anjo yamagetsi yamagetsi zimakhala zoposa 15% zazitsulo zonse zopanda zitsulo, ndikuyesetsa kukwaniritsa 20%. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, chifukwa ma elekitirodi a graphite ndi ofunika kwambiri ku ng'anjo yamagetsi yamagetsi, imapangitsanso kuti graphite electrode ikhale yabwino.
Sizopanda chifukwa kuti gawo la EAF zitsulo liyenera kusinthidwa. Zaka zisanu zapitazo, dziko magetsi Arc ng'anjo zitsulo kupanga peresenti ya kupanga zitsulo zosakongola wafika 25,2%, United States, European Union mayiko 27 anali 62,7%, 39,4%, dziko lathu m'dera lino la patsogolo pali zambiri danga. , kuti muwonjezere kufunikira kwa ma graphite electrode.
Chifukwa chake, zitha kuyerekezedwa kuti ngati chitsulo cha EAF chimapanga pafupifupi 20% ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chonse mu 2025, ndipo chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimawerengedwa molingana ndi matani 800 miliyoni / chaka, kufunikira kwa graphite electrode ku China. 2025 ndi pafupifupi matani 750,000. Frost Sullivan akulosera kuti osachepera gawo lachinayi la chaka chino akadali ndi malo oti athawe.
Ndizowona kuti electrode ya graphite ikukwera mofulumira, zonse zimadalira lamba wa ng'anjo yamagetsi.
4. Kufotokoza mwachidule
Pomaliza, ma elekitirodi a graphite ali ndi mphamvu zamagetsi nthawi ndi nthawi, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ogwiritsira ntchito ndi osavuta, omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mafakitale azitsulo akumunsi. Pambuyo pakukwera kuyambira 2017 mpaka 2019, idatsika chaka chatha. Chaka chino, motsogozedwa ndi malire opanga, phindu lotsika komanso mtengo wokwera, mtengo wa ma elekitirodi a graphite watsika ndipo chiwongola dzanja chikupitilira kukwera.
M'tsogolomu, ndi zofunika zobiriwira ndi otsika mpweya kusintha kwa chitsulo ndi zitsulo makampani, EAF zitsulo adzakhala chothandizira kwambiri kuyendetsa kuwonjezeka graphite elekitirodi amafuna, koma kusintha ndi kukweza adzakhala ndondomeko yaitali. Kukwera mitengo kwa ma electrode a graphite sikungakhale kophweka.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-08-2021